Chemix Pre-Workout V3: Guerilla Chemist’s High-Energy Pre Rises Again!

It’s been a long time coming, but everyone’s favorite underground chemist, The Guerilla Chemist, has finally dropped the latest version of his hit pre-workout supplement, Chemix Pre-Workout V3! Anyone who’s into aggressive pre-workout supplements will take notice of this one!

Chemix Pre V3: Formulations Gone Guerrilla

Chemix Pre-Workout V3

Chemix Pre-Workout V3 is out, first launched in Rocket Pop flavor! Check out this new formula!

The Guerilla Chemist has been formulating supplements while providing amazing free content for a long time. On his titular Instagram, he often discusses chemical compounds, info on interesting products, and other aspects of supplementation that fly over everyone else’s heads. His attention to detail led many to demand his own line of products — and with Chemix, he did just that. It all began with the Chemix Pre Workout, and today we’re excited to share its third revision.

TGC brings the mood and cognition support in a major way

Chemix, at its heart, is an edgy and aggressive brand, so it’s no surprise to see a high-stimulant pre-workout. The serving size is serious with a confirmed 350 milligrams of total caffeine, but as opposed to the original version, it now has energy alongside plenty of nitric oxide and ergogenic support!

The formula is like a gathering of unique ingredients for those who closely follow the industry. Guerilla threw in some mood-boosting bonuses like Kanna (an ingredient he clearly loves) and keeps the mushroom support inside that we’ll discuss in this article.

We have the full story below, but before you do that, check PricePlow’s coupon-powered prices and sign up for our Chemix news alerts because we’re expecting a lot more from TGC and the brand:

Chemix Pre-Workout – Deals and Price Drop Alerts

Get Price Alerts

No spam, no scams.

Disclosure: PricePlow relies on pricing from stores with which we have a business relationship. We work hard to keep pricing current, but you may find a better offer.

Posts are sponsored in part by the retailers and/or brands listed on this page.

Note: Check retailers to make sure you’re getting the version you want. The new V3 was first launched in Rocket Pop flavor in April 2022 on the Chemix website.

This area is reserved for Team PricePlow's upcoming Ingredients video.

Subscribe to our channel and sign up for notifications so you catch it when it goes live!

Subscribe to PricePlow on YouTube!

Chemix Pre Workout Ingredients

The following is what you get in a one scoop serving — but note that there are 40 scoops per serving, and the label has a 2 scoop section, so this one can be two-scooped by the most experienced users after assessing a single scoop (realize we have 175 milligrams total caffeine per scoop):

  • L-Citrulline – 3g

    Chemix Pre-Workout V3 Ingredients

    This is no beginner’s pre-workout formula. The total content for caffeine in 2 full scoops is 300mg anhydrous and 100mg of caffeine citrate, which is 350mg total.

    Most everyone knows the classic nitric oxide (NO) booster L-citrulline, which converts to NO precursor L-arginine,[1] helping to improve blood flow, nutrient delivery, and pumps! We covered L-citrulline in great depth in our recent article on Chemix King of Pumps, so we’ll briefly recap how it works.

    After L-citrulline’s conversion to arginine, the eNOS (endothelial nitric oxide synthase) enzyme then converts arginine to nitric oxide.[1] This causes vasodilation, the expansion of the blood vessels, leading to improved blood flow.[2,3] And that brings pumps.

    This also brings various athletic benefits, including the following:[4-9]

    • Greater work output
    • Enhanced recovery
    • Improved ATP production
    • More oxygen uptake
    • Better high-intensity exercise performance
    • More growth hormone released

    In our King of Pumps article linked above, we explain how and why using L-citrulline as an end-around actually works better than supplementing arginine itself! And if you decide to stack them together, getting you to 10 grams of citrulline, you will find even more powerful benefits![10,11]

    As mentioned in that article, most users will likely find the sweet spot at 1.5 scoops of each, but with a pre-workout this powerful, let the stimulants dictate how much Chemix Pre V3 you take!

    Next up, it’s another ingredient found copiously dosed in King of Pumps:

  • Betaine Anhydrous – 1.5g

    Betaine, also known as trimethylglycine, is now very commonplace in pre-workout supplements due to its incredibly beneficial properties. Much of the ingredient’s popularity is quite literally due to The Guerrilla Chemist, who went hard on its dosing in his Chemix Intra and Chemix King of Pumps formulas. The most common clinically-studied dose is 2.5 grams, so if you want to achieve those benefits, you’ll need to take well into a second scoop (prepare for the stim rush), or stack with one of those above supplements.

    Chemix Pre-Workout V3

    Chemix Pre-Workout V3 is first available in Rocket Pop

    Why’s it a big deal? As TGC knew far before other formulators, betaine serves a dual purpose as an osmolyte and a methyl donor, simultaneously improving both hydration and countless biological functions.[12,13]

    This leads to an incredible number of clinically tested benefits:

    • Athletic performance enhancement[14-19]
    • Greater muscle building capabilities[20,21]
    • More fat loss[22,23]
    • Improved cardiovascular health[13,14,24-26]
    • Protection from heat shock[14,27]
    • A bit more nitric oxide production[26]

    But again, most of those studies utilized 2.5 grams per day, so consider your dosage!

    With King of Pumps, it was added to induce intracellular hyperhydration for those water-based pumps – referring back to its function as an osmolyte.[12] In Chemix Pre-Workout, we’ll take that benefit and all of the above while we’re at it!

    So now that nitric oxide production and ergogenic performance is boosted, let’s get to feeling good:

  • Kanna (Sceletium tortuosum) (whole plant) – 500mg

    Kanna is an interesting herb that is enjoying the spotlight after years of negligence. No doubt, The Guerilla Chemist has a huge affinity for it, as it comes up in nearly every conversation we have with him!

    Chemix King of Pumps

    Need more pumps? Prepare to meet the King of Pumps from Chemix, run by The Guerrilla Chemist.

    Sceletium Tortuosum or Kanna, acts pharmacokinetically as a phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitor.[28] When phosphodiesterases are blocked — cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) builds up in cells. Research links this increase in cAMP to the beneficial aspects of Kanna — Kanna may boost your mood, relieve chronic stress, and even help you fall asleep after all the caffeine in Chemix Pre wears off.[28,29]

    Kanna is in Chemix as the “mood boosting” element that have become a consumer expectation in hardcore pre-workouts. We applaud TGC for not going the “old dirt road” with Chemix, as it feels like every damn product has PEA in it now. Kanna is an incredible mood booster that we feel each and every time we use it.

    The dose here is also massive as 1g towers above its competition — reaching heights we’ve never seen nor tried yet. No doubt, this is one thing to look forward to feeling soon after you finish your last sip!

  • Dimethylethanolamine (DMAE Bitartrate)

    DMAE, or dimethylaminoethanol is a choline-like compound that occurs in mammalian brains. We also get it in our diet from fatty fish. Athletes supplement DMAE as a way of increasing the amount of acetylcholine available for neural communication. It does so by inhibiting the breakdown of produced acetylcholine[30,31] and sparing choline from being metabolized in tissue.[30]

    Since choline supports neural processes like memory formation, concentration, and mood regulation, many nootropic users enjoy DMAE. This is a big dose, especially in the two-scoop serving!

  • Lion’s Mane Extract (Hericeum erinaceus) – 300mg

    Lion's Mane

    Lion’s Mane is an incredible mushroom that touts some extremely unique nootropic benefits including increasing Nerve Growth Factor.

    Lion’s Mane is a wonderful mushroom that long-time followers of our blog posts know we consistently speak very highly of, so we’re stoked to see it make the Chemix Pre V3 cut.

    Lion’s Mane — or Hericium erinaceus — is a mushroom supplemented for its long-term nootropic effects. Research supports the notion that Lion’s Mane may increase levels of nerve growth factor in the brain — which may boost memory, memory recall, and overall cognitive function.[32-34]

    If Kanna is the feel good part of Chemix — Lion’s Mane is the memory element. In two scoops, 600mg is a solid dose – but you’ll need to handle the massive amounts of stimulation to get there:

  • Exothermic Energy Amalgam – 391mg

    A prop-blend by any name is still a prop blend. We’re bummed that The Guerilla Chemist didn’t fully let us into his brain, but apparently he’s got some goods to protect here. This can frustrate customers as consumers often like to know how many stimulants they’re getting per dose, so we’re at least looking to confirm how much caffeine we have per scoop.

    No doubt, the supplement industry is a market of copycat brands and Chemix is a brand worth copying. TGC likely spent a ridiculous amount of time perfecting Chemix Pre V3 and wanted to protect his formulation, so let’s see how we can break this down.

    No matter how you slice this, though, we’re looking at a really intense formula:

    • Caffeine Anhydrous and Caffeine Citrate (yielding a total of 175mg per scoop)

      Chemix Pre-Workout V3 Rocket Pop

      Caffeine is the most used drug in the world — so we won’t bore you with the fact it will help you stay awake and increase your power output all while helping you get lean.[35,36]

      Chemix has stuck with the double-edged blend of caffeine anhydrous (caffeine “without water” – the standard caffeine ingredient in supplements) and caffeine citrate, which anecdotally metabolizes faster than regular caffeine!

      We now have confirmation from TGC: The total caffeine content in two full scoops is 300mg anhydrous and 100mg of caffeine citrate, which is 350mg total caffeine!

      This is quite strong, so please be responsible with your dosing!

    • N,N-Dimethylethylamine Citrate

      N,N-Dimethylphenethylamine Citrate is the hottest form of PEA supplementation in sports nutrition, and this is the next most important dose we’d love to see disclosed.

      Regular PEA is a straight-up feel-good ingredient,[37,38] but with a caveat: it’s broken down by monoamine oxidases rapidly.[39] Because of that, we always look for ways to keep it around longer, either with a light MAO inhibitor or a modified form of the PEA molecule. In this molecule’s case, we have the latter — the two alkyl groups attached prevent the MAO enzymes from cleaving the PEA off of our dopamine receptors too quickly, and we get a nice, long, euphoric buzz.

      N-Phenethyldimethylamine 2D Receptor with Protection Highlighted

      N-Phenethyldimethylamine is like a PEA molecule, but with an N,N’ Alkyl section that also prevents MAO from cleaving it… meaning a longer-lasting euphoric ‘buzz’ than regular PEA

      At this point, with all the nootropics and mood enhancers, it should be extremely clear: Chemix Pre Workout V3 is going to feel damned good… so long as a couple of the stims below don’t come on too strong!

    • Halostachine

      Guerilla Chemist

      The man, the myth, The Guerilla Chemist. Now with his own brand, Chemix.

      Up next, Guerilla provides us a couple of beta-adrenergic receptor agonists, the first of which is halostachine. These types of ingredients bind to and activate the beta-2 adrenoceptor, signaling for increased cyclic AMP (cAMP) production. This then increases energy expenditure, mobilizing fatty acids and increasing bronchodilation in a fight or flight response.[40] For pre-workout supplements, these types of ingredients produce incredible energy while increasing fat burning effects.

      Halostachine itself has less available data than our next beta-2 agonist, but its known to be a partial adrenergic binding agent and mild sympathomimetic agent.[41] There’s actually research stating that halostachine is about 19% as effective as epinephrine when it comes to stimulating beta-2 receptors![42]

    • N-Isopropylnorsynephrine

      Extremely popular in thermogenic formulas, N-isopropylnorsynephrine is a strong lipolytic agent — meaning it’ll boost your energy levels by freeing fatty acids up for energy.[43] This is yet another example of synergy at play, as it plays with halostachine. These two together may be one of the closest ways to mimic the effects of ephedrine, which is one of the highest compliments we can pay a stimulant.

      Chemix Pre V3

      This one is interesting as there is a study showing that this isopropyl form is superior to the bitter orange extract we see in fat-loss agents.[43] The dosage here is likely very small, and this may drive how wild the ride is for Chemix Pre V3.

    • Theophylline anhydrous

      Theophylline is a methylxanthine, like caffeine. It’s a great compound to add to Chemix Pre as it has synergistic potential with both caffeine in Kanna. Theophylline is both phosphodiesterase inhibitor (like Kanna) and an adenosine receptor antagonist (like caffeine).[44,45]

      Chemix Science Pre-Workout

      What most don’t know is that the ingredient is a natural metabolite of caffeine itself, only with a longer half-life.[46] So it can be used to lengthen the strike of energy — especially since we’re using fast-acting forms of caffeine here (anhydrous and citrate).

      We don’t see theophylline used often and its inclusion highlights the chemist’s aggressiveness towards utilizing methylxanthines.

    • Alpha Yohimbine

      The Guerrilla Chemist PricePlow Podcast #036

      We’re due for another interview with The Guerrilla Chemist on the PricePlow Podcast

      Rauwolscine, or alpha yohimbine, is the most potent diastereoisomer of yohimbine. A word of caution on alpha Y: some users can’t live without it and many lifters never want to be within 5 feet of it ever again.

      Once again, this is where dosage really matters. We love it at 1.5mg or less – just enough to get you going. Take 3mg or more and times are less fun. Perhaps Guerilla will share his strategy! Reason being, Alpha Y is a potent stimulant but also a potent anxiogenic compound — at high enough doses, researchers have used it to induce panic attacks![47,48]

    • Huperzine A 1%

      Huperzine is one of our favorite supporting nootropics. It works like DMAE up above, as it prevents the breakdown of acetylcholine. Combined with DMAE and Lion’s Mane — you feel more cognitively agile after you dose Chemix. Its effects on acetylcholine levels may improve neural health, slow brain cell death, and may even help denovo neurogenesis.[49-51]

Flavors Available and Inactives

Chemix’s Pre-Workout is available in the following flavors, although note that Rocket Pop is first flavor launched for V3:

    Stacking: Looking at you, nitric oxide

    Chemix King of Pumps Level Up

    Ready to level up? Chemix King of Pumps will get you there, with a huge dose of betaine

    The original Chemix Pre-Workout contained no nitric oxide boosters, but that’s no longer the case. Still, if you only want to take one scoop, or you want to blow your muscles up, stacking with Chemix King of Pumps is the way to go. At that point, you’ll have a mind-blowing amount of citrulline, betaine, and far more goodies from The Guerrilla Chemist.

    Conclusion: Quite a brain boosting pre workout

    Well damn. Everyone’s been waiting for a new pre workout from the mind of Guerrilla Chemist, and this is it. A major mood, energy, and brain booster, with an impressive batch of energetics alongside.

    Chemix is one of the most interesting pre-workouts we’ve seen yet, but the dosing of two ingredients — isopropylnorsynephrine and alpha yohimbine — will be make-it-or-break it when reviewing. This is why the prop blend throws us off… and now there’s only one way to find out – by taking a scoop down!

    There’s a lot of synergy between ingredients on this label, and we’re happy to see citrulline and betaine have joined the fold since the original version. Chemix is the best example of The Guerrilla Chemist unrestrained and we’re extremely excited for what he drops every single time.

    Aggressive high-stimulant lifters that don’t compete in WADA-tested sports, don’t suffer from anxiety, and love the “up” feeling of stimulants are free to give this a shot, but just like everything else from Chemix… it’s not for rookies. If you don’t feel this one even at a single scoop, we’re not sure what to tell you, because this may even awaken the dead with its powers.

    Chemix Pre-Workout – Deals and Price Drop Alerts

    Get Price Alerts

    No spam, no scams.

    Disclosure: PricePlow relies on pricing from stores with which we have a business relationship. We work hard to keep pricing current, but you may find a better offer.

    Posts are sponsored in part by the retailers and/or brands listed on this page.

    Note: Check retailers to make sure you’re getting the version you want. The new V3 was first launched in Rocket Pop flavor in April 2022 on the Chemix website.

    Chemix Pre-Workout V3 Label

    The full Chemix Pre-Workout V3 Label

    Note 2: This article was originally published on February 7, 2019 and updated on April 27, 2022 with V3.

    About the Author: Mike Roberto

    Mike Roberto

    Mike Roberto is a research scientist and water sports athlete who founded PricePlow. He is an n=1 diet experimenter with extensive experience in supplementation and dietary modification, whose personal expertise stems from several experiments done on himself while sharing lab tests.

    Mike's goal is to bridge the gap between nutritional research scientists and non-academics who seek to better their health in a system that has catastrophically failed the public.

    86 Comments | Posted in | Tagged , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , .

    References

    1. Stamler, Jonathan S., and Gerhard Meissner. “Physiology of Nitric Oxide in Skeletal Muscle.” Physiological Reviews, vol. 81, no. 1, 1 Jan. 2001, pp. 209–237, 10.1152/physrev.2001.81.1.209; https://journals.physiology.org/doi/full/10.1152/physrev.2001.81.1.209
    2. Schwedhelm, Edzard et al.; “Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of oral L-citrulline and L-arginine: impact on nitric oxide metabolism.”; British journal of clinical pharmacology vol. 65,1 (2008): 51-9.; https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2291275/
    3. Archer, S L, et al. “Nitric Oxide and CGMP Cause Vasorelaxation by Activation of a Charybdotoxin-Sensitive K Channel by CGMP-Dependent Protein Kinase.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, vol. 91, no. 16, 1994, pp. 7583–7, 10.1073/pnas.91.16.7583; https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/labs/pmc/articles/PMC44446/
    4. Bailey, SJ et al.; “l-Citrulline supplementation improves O2 uptake kinetics and high-intensity exercise performance in humans.”; Journal of Applied Physiology; 119(4) pp. 385-395; 2015; https://journals.physiology.org/doi/full/10.1152/japplphysiol.00192.2014
    5. Giannesini B., et. al.; European Journal of Pharmacology; “Citrulline malate supplementation increases muscle efficiency in rat skeletal muscle;” September 2011; http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21664351
    6. Perez-Guisado J, Jakeman PM; Journal of Strength and Conditioning; “Citrulline malate enhances athletic anaerobic performance and relieves muscle soreness;” May 2010; http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20386132
    7. Hickner RC. et. al.; Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise; “L-citrulline reduces time to exhaustion and insulin response to a graded exercise test;” 2006; http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16679980
    8. Sureda, Antoni, et al. “L-Citrulline-Malate Influence over Branched Chain Amino Acid Utilization during Exercise.” European Journal of Applied Physiology, vol. 110, no. 2, 25 May 2010, pp. 341–351, 10.1007/s00421-010-1509-4; https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20499249/
    9. Rhim, Hye Chang, et al. “Effect of Citrulline on Post-Exercise Rating of Perceived Exertion, Muscle Soreness, and Blood Lactate Levels: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.” Journal of Sport and Health Science, Feb. 2020, 10.1016/j.jshs.2020.02.003. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2095254620300168
    10. Allerton, Timothy D., et al. “L-Citrulline Supplementation: Impact on Cardiometabolic Health.” Nutrients, vol. 10, no. 7, 1 July 2018, p. 921, 10.3390/nu10070921; https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6073798/
    11. Moinard, C., et al. “Dose-Ranging Effects of Citrulline Administration on Plasma Amino Acids and Hormonal Patterns in Healthy Subjects: The Citrudose Pharmacokinetic Study.” British Journal of Nutrition, vol. 99, no. 4, 22 Oct. 2007, pp. 855–862, 10.1017/s0007114507841110; https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17953788/
    12. Boel De Paepe; “Osmolytes as Mediators of the Muscle Tissue’s Responses to Inflammation: Emerging Regulators of Myositis with Therapeutic Potential”; EMJ Rheumatol. 2017;4:1:83-89; https://www.emjreviews.com/rheumatology/article/osmolytes-as-mediators-of-the-muscle-tissues-responses-to-inflammation-emerging-regulators-of-myositis-with-therapeutic-potential/
    13. Olthof, M. R., & Verhoef, P. (2005). Effects of betaine intake on plasma homocysteine concentrations and consequences for health. Current drug metabolism, 6(1), 15-22; Retrieved from https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15720203
    14. Roti, M; “Homocysteine, Lipid and Glucose Responses to Betaine Supplementation During Running in the Heat”; Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise: May 2003 – Volume 35 – Issue 5 – p S271; https://journals.lww.com/acsm-msse/Fulltext/2003/05001/HOMOCYSTEINE,_LIPID_AND_GLUCOSE_RESPONSES_TO.1501.aspx
    15. Armstrong, Lawrence E, et al. “Influence of Betaine Consumption on Strenuous Running and Sprinting in a Hot Environment.” Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, vol. 22, no. 3, May 2008, pp. 851–860, 10.1519/jsc.0b013e31816a6efb; https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18438230
    16. Hoffman, Jay R, et al. “Effect of Betaine Supplementation on Power Performance and Fatigue.” Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, vol. 6, no. 1, 27 Feb. 2009, 10.1186/1550-2783-6-7; https://jissn.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1550-2783-6-7
    17. Lee, Elaine C, et al. “Ergogenic Effects of Betaine Supplementation on Strength and Power Performance.” Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, vol. 7, no. 1, 2010, p. 27, 10.1186/1550-2783-7-27; https://jissn.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1550-2783-7-27
    18. Trepanowski, John F, et al. “The Effects of Chronic Betaine Supplementation on Exercise Performance, Skeletal Muscle Oxygen Saturation and Associated Biochemical Parameters in Resistance Trained Men.” Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, vol. 25, no. 12, Dec. 2011, pp. 3461–3471, 10.1519/jsc.0b013e318217d48d; https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22080324/
    19. Pryor, J Luke, et al. “Effect of Betaine Supplementation on Cycling Sprint Performance.” Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, vol. 9, no. 1, 3 Apr. 2012, 10.1186/1550-2783-9-12; https://jissn.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1550-2783-9-12
    20. Cholewa, Jason M et al. “Effects of betaine on body composition, performance, and homocysteine thiolactone.” Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition vol. 10,1 39. 22 Aug. 2013, doi:10.1186/1550-2783-10-39; https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3844502/
    21. Cholewa, Jason M., et al. “Effects of Betaine on Performance and Body Composition: A Review of Recent Findings and Potential Mechanisms.” Amino Acids, vol. 46, no. 8, 24 Apr. 2014, pp. 1785–1793, 10.1007/s00726-014-1748-5; https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24760587/
    22. Jason Michael Cholewa, et al; “The Effects of Chronic Betaine Supplementation on Body Composition and Performance in Collegiate Females: a Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo Controlled Trial”; Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition; BioMed Central; 31 July 2018; https://jissn.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12970-018-0243-x
    23. Gao, Xiang et al.; “Effect of Betaine on Reducing Body Fat—A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.”; Nutrients 2019, 11, 2480; https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/11/10/2480
    24. Morrison, L. M. “Results of Betaine Treatment of Atherosclerosis.” The American Journal of Digestive Diseases, vol. 19, no. 12, 1 Dec. 1952, pp. 381–384, 10.1007/BF02881126; https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12996486/
    25. Craig, Stuart AS. “Betaine in Human Nutrition.” The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, vol. 80, no. 3, 1 Sept. 2004, pp. 539–549, 10.1093/ajcn/80.3.539; https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0002916522035602
    26. Iqbal, O., Fareed, D., Cunanan, J., Hoppensteadt, D., Messadek, J., Baltasar, F., & Fareed, J. (2006). Betaine induced release of tissue factor pathway inhibitor and nitric oxide: implications in the management of cardiovascular disease. The FASEB Journal, 20(4), A655; https://www.fasebj.org/cgi/content/meeting_abstract/20/4/A655-a
    27. Caldas, Teresa, et al. “Thermoprotection by Glycine Betaine and Choline.” Microbiology, vol. 145, no. 9, 1 Sept. 1999, pp. 2543–2548, 10.1099/00221287-145-9-2543; https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10517607/
    28. Chiu, S., Gericke, N., Farina-Woodbury, M., Badmaev, V., Raheb, H., Terpstra, K., . . . Goble, L. (2014). Proof-of-Concept Randomized Controlled Study of Cognition Effects of the Proprietary Extract Sceletium tortuosum(Zembrin) Targeting Phosphodiesterase-4 in Cognitively Healthy Subjects: Implications for Alzheimer’s Dementia. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2014, 1-9. doi:10.1155/2014/682014; https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25389443
    29. Nell, H., Siebert, M., Chellan, P., & Gericke, N. (2013). A Randomized, Double-Blind, Parallel-Group, Placebo-Controlled Trial of Extract Sceletium tortuosum (Zembrin) in Healthy Adults. The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine, 19(11), 898-904. doi:10.1089/acm.2012.0185; https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23441963
    30. Haubrich, D. R., Gerber, N. H., & Pflueger, A. B. (1981). Deanol Affects Choline Metabolism in Peripheral Tissues of Mice. Journal of Neurochemistry, 37(2), 476-482. doi:10.1111/j.1471-4159.1981.tb00480.x; https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1981.tb00480.x
    31. Pedata, F., Wieraszko, A., & Pepeu, G. (1977). Effect of choline, phosphorylcholine and dimethylaminoethanol on brain acetylcholine level in the rat. Pharmacological Research Communications, 9(8), 755-761. doi:10.1016/s0031-6989(77)80067-2; https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0031698977800672
    32. Brandalise F, Cesaroni V, Gregori A, et al. Dietary Supplementation of Hericium erinaceus Increases Mossy Fiber-CA3 Hippocampal Neurotransmission and Recognition Memory in Wild-Type Mice. Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine : eCAM. 2017;2017:3864340; https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5237458/
    33. He X, Wang X, Fang J, et al. Structures, biological activities, and industrial applications of the polysaccharides from Hericium erinaceus (Lion’s Mane) mushroom: A review. Int J Biol Macromol. 2017;97:228-237; https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28087447
    34. Zhang J, An S, Hu W, et al. The Neuroprotective Properties of Hericium erinaceus in Glutamate-Damaged DifBrandalise F, Cesaroni V, Gregori A, et al. Dietary Supplementation of Hericium erinaceus Increases Mossy Fiber-CA3 Hippocampal Neurotransmission and Recognition Memory in Wild-Type Mice. Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine : eCAM. 2017;2017:3864340; https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5237458/
    35. Coso, J. D., Salinero, J., González-Millán, C., Abián-Vicén, J., & Pérez-González, B. (2012). Dose response effects of a caffeine-containing energy drink on muscle performance: A repeated measures design. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, 9(1), 21; https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3461468/
    36. Mccormack, W. P., & Hoffman, J. R. (2012). Caffeine, Energy Drinks, and Strength-Power Performance. Strength and Conditioning Journal, 34(4), 11-16; https://journals.lww.com/nsca-scj/Fulltext/2012/08000/Caffeine,_Energy_Drinks,_and_Strength_Power.3.aspx,%20full-text%20at
    37. Mesfioui, A., Math, F., Jmari, K., Hessni, A. E., Choulli, M. K., & Davrainville, J. (1998). Effects of Amphetamine and Phenylethylamine on Catecholamine Release in the Glomerular Layer of the Rat Olfactory Bulb. Neurosignals, 7(4), 235-243; https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9730583
    38. Wainscott, D. B., Little, S. P., Yin, T., Tu, Y., Rocco, V. P., He, J. X., & Nelson, D. L. (2006). Pharmacologic Characterization of the Cloned Human Trace Amine-Associated Receptor1 (TAAR1) and Evidence for Species Differences with the Rat TAAR1. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, 320(1), 475-485; doi:10.1124/jpet.106.112532; https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17038507
    39. Suzuki, O., Katsumata, Y., & Oya, M. (1981). Oxidation of ?-Phenylethylamine by Both Types of Monoamine Oxidase: Examination of Enzymes in Brain and Liver Mitochondria of Eight Species. Journal of Neurochemistry, 36(3), 1298-1301. doi:10.1111/j.1471-4159.1981.tb01734.x; https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7205271
    40. Johnson, M. “Beta2-Adrenoceptors: Mechanisms of Action of Beta2-Agonists.” Paediatric Respiratory Reviews, vol. 2, no. 1, 2001, pp. 57–62; 10.1053/prrv.2000.0102; https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16263481/
    41. Yao, Xiaojie, et al. “Coupling Ligand Structure to Specific Conformational Switches in the β 2 -Adrenoceptor.” Nature Chemical Biology, vol. 2, no. 8, 1 Aug. 2006, pp. 417–422; https://www.nature.com/articles/nchembio801z (archived at med.stanford.edu)
    42. Liapakis, George, et al. “Synergistic Contributions of the Functional Groups of Epinephrine to Its Affinity and Efficacy at the β2 Adrenergic Receptor.” Molecular Pharmacology, vol. 65, no. 5, 1 May 2004, pp. 1181–1190; 10.1124/mol.65.5.1181; https://molpharm.aspetjournals.org/content/65/5/1181.long
    43. Mercader, J., Wanecq, E., Chen, J., & Carpéné, C. (2011). Isopropylnorsynephrine is a stronger lipolytic agent in human adipocytes than synephrine and other amines present in Citrus aurantium. Journal of Physiology and Biochemistry, 67(3), 443-452; doi:10.1007/s13105-011-0078-2; https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21336650
    44. Barnes, P. J. (2013). Theophylline. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine,188(8), 901-906; doi:10.1164/rccm.201302-0388pp; https://www.atsjournals.org/doi/abs/10.1164/rccm.201302-0388PP
    45. Daly, J. W., Shi, D., Nikodijevic, O., & Jacobson, K. A. (1994). The role of adenosine receptors in the central action of caffeine. Pharmacopsychoecologia, 7(2), 201-213; https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25821357
    46. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1401099/
    47. Rockhold, R. W., & Gross, F. (1981). Yohimbine diastereoisomers: Cardiovascular effects after central and peripheral application in the rat. Naunyn-Schmiedebergs Archives of Pharmacology, 315(3), 227-231. doi:10.1007/bf00499839; https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7219571
    48. Perry, B. D., & Uprichard, D. C. (1981). [3H]rauwolscine (α-yohimbine): A specific antagonist radioligand for brain α2-adrenergic receptors. European Journal of Pharmacology, 76(4), 461-464. doi:10.1016/0014-2999(81)90123-0; https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6276200
    49. Zhao, Q., & Tang, X. C. (2002). Effects of huperzine A on acetylcholinesterase isoforms in vitro: Comparison with tacrine, donepezil, rivastigmine and physostigmine. European Journal of Pharmacology, 455(2-3), 101-107. doi:10.1016/s0014-2999(02)02589-x; https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12445575
    50. Xu, Z., Liang, X., Juan-Wu, Zhang, Y., Zhu, C., & Jiang, X. (2011). Treatment with Huperzine A Improves Cognition in Vascular Dementia Patients. Cell Biochemistry and Biophysics, 62(1), 55-58. doi:10.1007/s12013-011-9258-5; https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21833673
    51. Zhang, H. Y., & Tang, X. C. (2006). Neuroprotective effects of huperzine A: New therapeutic targets for neurodegenerative disease. Trends in Pharmacological Sciences, 27(12), 619-625. doi:10.1016/j.tips.2006.10.004; https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17056129

    Comments and Discussion (Powered by the PricePlow Forum)