Alpha Lion Apex Burn: Shred Fat with Style, Not GBB or Yohimbe

Published on July 7, 2022 by Mike Roberto and Nick Andrews | No Comments
Alpha Lion Apex Burn

Alpha Lion Apex Burn is a fat burning drink with the incredible MitoBurn + CaloriBurn combination, but no GBB or yohimbe of any kind inside!

For a few years now, Alpha Lion has been on the forefront of weight loss innovation, thanks in part to their pioneering of the use of NNB Nutrition’s novel Burn stack, which includes MitoBurn (L-BAIBA) and CaloriBurn GP (Grains of Paradise extract).

Alpha Lion was first to bring each of these products to market in their single-ingredient “Gains Candy” capsule form factor, as covered in our articles on Alpha Lion Gains Candy MitoBurn and Alpha Lion Gains Candy CaloriBurn.

That was just the start, though. Using this same combination, they flattened the competition with a potent hybrid 2-in-1 fat burning pre-workout supplement, SuperHuman Burn.

However, Alpha Lion still had a gap to be filled in the fat burning drink category, especially after the discontinuation of their Cheetah Burn series. After all, not everyone needs the pre-workout ingredients in SuperHuman Burn all the time.

Alpha Lion Apex Burn: The Apex Weight Loss Drink

Apex Burn is Alpha Lion’s latest fat burning drink, and we’re as excited about what’s in it as we are about what’s not in it! It still has the innovative MitoBurn / CaloriBurn stack from NNB Nutrition. On top of that, we also have NuLiv Science’s InnoSlim for more shred support, and an extended caffeine blend providing a total of 225 milligrams of caffeine per scoop.

MitoBurn

NNB Nutrition has finally brought us a trusted and tested form of L-BAIBA, which we call an “exercise signal” that kickstarts incredible metabolic processes! It’s known as MitoBurn and it helps kick-start the ‘exercise program’!

No GBB, no yohimbe, no yohimbine, no rauwolfia!

But even better than that for many of our readers? It’s a fat burner without GBB and yohimbe / yohimbine / alpha-yohimbine! If you haven’t noticed lately, nearly every fat burner has one or both of these, and Alpha Lion bucks the trend for those who are looking for something strong, but a bit more… comfortable.

We dig deep into this metabolic powerhouse, but first, check the prices, see our video when it’s live, and sign up for PricePlow’s news alerts:

Alpha Lion Apex Burn – Deals and Price Drop Alerts

Get Price Alerts

No spam, no scams.

Disclosure: PricePlow relies on pricing from stores with which we have a business relationship. We work hard to keep pricing current, but you may find a better offer.

Posts are sponsored in part by the retailers and/or brands listed on this page.

Alpha Lion Apex Burn Ingredients

In a single 1-scoop (6.4 gram) serving of Apex Burn from Alpha Lion, you get the following:

  • SUPERHUMAN Energy & Focus Matrix

    Alpha Lion Apex Burn Ingredients

    Let’s face it, dieting is hard. Not only do you have to contend with constant pangs of hunger, but also fend off constant enticements to eat from friends, family, and co-workers (who are usually, but not always, well intentioned).

    But probably the biggest obstacle that dieters face is the drop in energy levels that comes with calorie restriction. For some dieters, that drop is so severe that it interferes with their ability to fulfill daily obligations and responsibilities.

    That’s the obstacle that SUPERHUMAN Energy & Focus Matrix is designed to help you surmount. This blend is formulated with important neurotransmitter precursors, stimulants, and bronchodilators that improve the ability to breathe and make it easier to move while you’re working to shed excess pounds.

    • L-Tyrosine – 1,000 mg

      Alpha Lion Apex Burn

      Tyrosine is a great ingredient to include in any fat-burning supplement because it’s a precursor to thyroid hormones, thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3).[1] Healthy thyroid function is always important, but particularly so when you’re dieting to lose weight. Low-calorie diets can decrease thyroid hormone production by as much as 66%.[2]

      Impaired thyroid function is pretty terrible for a lot of reasons. Perhaps chief among them is the fact that an underactive thyroid can result in a lower basal metabolic rate,[3] which refers to the number of calories your body burns when at rest. If your basal metabolic rate is low, it means that you’ll burn fewer calories in a day, and thus lose weight more slowly and with greater difficulty.

      Even if you aren’t actively dieting, you should still try to get a healthy amount of tyrosine from food and supplements, as low tyrosine intake is associated with disturbed thyroid function.[4]

    • Choline Bitartrate – ~750 mg (yielding 277.5 mg choline) – 34% DV

      Choline bitartrate is a form of choline that can raise your blood levels of both choline and acetylcholine. Since choline is an essential nutrient that must be obtained from dietary sources, it’s usually a good thing to have some choline in your supplement stack.

      Choline plays numerous roles in your body, but probably the most important is maintaining the integrity of cells’ phospholipid membrane.[5] Analogous to the borders, or security walls of your cells, the phospholipid membrane regulates the flow of substances into and out of your cells. Compromised phospholipid membrane function can imperil your health at the cellular level, so you definitely want to get enough choline to keep these membranes working.

      Alpha Lion Apex Burn Benefits

      Almost as important is choline’s role in the central nervous system, where it’s a precursor to the neurotransmitter acetylcholine.[6] PricePlow usually refers to acetylcholine as “the learning neurotransmitter,” which should give you a rough idea of what it does. Acetylcholine is crucial not just for mental cognitive skills like memory consolidation and converting short-term memories into long-term memories,[7] but also for physical cognitive skills like balance, coordination, and muscular contraction.[8]

      The gist is that by facilitating communication between neurons in the brain, acetylcholine can improve overall cognition and give you more mental energy.

      Choline also plays an important role in fat metabolism[9-12] and improves carnitine retention in the body. Carnitine, found naturally in red meat, is a super cool compound that can improve your body’s energy production.[13-15]

      The consequences of a choline deficiency are potentially dire. In light of everything we’ve said about choline and acetylcholine here, it probably won’t surprise you to hear that persistently inadequate choline intake can lead to profound cognitive dysfunction.[16] Additionally,it can lead to muscle loss and organ damage, including non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), a potentially devastating condition that is considered part of the pre-diabetic metabolic syndrome.[17,18]

    • SantEnergy (Eriodictyon californicum)(aerial parts) Extract – 400 mg

      SantEnergy is a patented extract of yerba santa, an evergreen aromatic shrub native to California and Oregon.

      Alpha Lion Apex Burn Branded Ingredients

      To English speakers, yerba santa is also known as mountain balm, bear’s weed, gum bush, gum plant, and consumptive weed. There are a bunch of colloquial names for it in Spanish and French as well.

      For thousands of years, native tribes of Southern California and Northern Mexico have used yerba santa to improve breathing and alleviate respiratory irritation.[19] Yerba santa is a documented therapy for bronchial congestion, asthma, and hayfever,[20] much like certain pre-workout ingredients of decades past that shall remain nameless.

      But the main reason that yerba santa is included in Apex Burn from Alpha Lion is that it’s been shown to increase energy (calorie) expenditure[21] and stimulate thermogenesis,[22] the process by which your body turns calories into heat.

      This increased calorie burn can ease your weight loss efforts and speed it up.

    • SXT Energy System (caffeine) – 245 mg (yielding 225 mg caffeine)

      SXT Energy System is a combination of three different forms of caffeine yielding a total of 225 milligrams of caffeine per scoop:

      • Caffeine anhydrous – rapidly digested, fast-acting caffeine
      • zümXR Extended-Release Caffeine – digests over the course of 3-4 hours[23]
      • zümXR Delayed-Release Caffeine – begins digesting after one hour[23]

      The idea behind this caffeine blend is to deliver the smoothest possible energy curve by avoiding a dramatic spike in caffeine blood concentrations, and then taper down that concentration as slowly as possible.

      ZümXR achieves this phased caffeine release with a molecular coating around the caffeine itself, which has the effect of controlling the rate at which the caffeine is digested and absorbed.

      SXT Sustained Caffeine

      An illustration of SXT’s intended effect. Image Courtesy Alpha Lion

      We like seeing caffeine in fat-burner supplements because caffeine helps suppress appetite and stimulate thermogenesis,[24,25] the process by which your body burns calories as heat.

      But that’s not all caffeine is capable of. It also inhibits the action of adenosine, a substance that builds up in the brain and can make you feel tired[24,25] Phosphodiesterase is an enzyme that breaks down cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP).[24,25]

      Caffeine’s ability to raise cAMP levels is particularly important since cAMP regulates your body’s use of stored carbs and fatty acids for energy.[26] Put simply, more cAMP means more energy, which is great if you’re dieting or trying to maximize your calorie burn through exercise.

      Caffeine’s effect on cAMP is a big reason why caffeine is a classified ergogenic aid, defined as any substance that increases the ability to do physical and athletic activities. According to peer-reviewed research, caffeine use is strongly associated with increased performance in multiple athletic domains.[27]

    • Black Pepper (Piper nigrum)(fruit) Extract – 10 mg

      Black Pepper

      The good stuff, especially when combined with grains of paradise below. Image courtesy Wikimedia.

      Black pepper extract is usually standardized for piperine, an alkaloid that can increase the absorption of other nutrients and regulate blood sugar. Piperine does this by modulating the function of glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4), a protein that shuttles glucose into cells where it’s burned for energy. Crucially, moving glucose into cells moves it out of your bloodstream, which, if blood sugar levels are elevated following meals, is a great thing since high blood sugar levels are bad.[28]

      Piperine has also been shown to improve liver function in mice[29] by removing fat from liver tissue. Piperine is also a potent antioxidant.[30]

      But the main reason that supplement manufacturers use piperine is due to its ability to enhance the bioavailability of other ingredients.[31] By inhibiting key enzymes that can break down supplement ingredients in your stomach, piperine helps ensure that those ingredients reach the intestines where they’re absorbed into your bloodstream and put to good use.

      As a bioavailability enhancer of herbal origins,[31] piperine is here to maximize the bang you get for the bucks you spend on Alpha Lion’s Apex Burn.

  • SUPERHUMAN Thermal Burn Matrix

    This blend of ingredients is primarily intended to increase the rate of thermogenesis – the process by which your body burns calories and converts them to heat. And the matrix has one main target: brown adipose tissue (BAT).

    Brown, Beige, and White Fat

    The regulation of brown and beige adipocyte development.

    There are a few different ways that thermogenesis can be initiated or increased.

    Unlike white adipose tissue (WAT), BAT is metabolically active. The body uses WAT primarily for long-term energy storage and it’s only tapped under starvation conditions (when calorie intake is very low).[32] On the other hand, BAT is for regulating body temperature, which is why cold exposure activates thermogenesis in BAT.[33]

    The process of thermogenesis is driven by mitochondria, and, in general, ingredients that increase mitochondrial density tend to also increase the rate of thermogenesis.In fact, it is high concentrations of mitochondria in fat tissue that actually makes it look brown instead of white.[34] So “brown adipose tissue” really means “high mitochondria tissue.”

    BAT doesn’t just burn fat: it can burn glucose for thermogenesis as well![35] This means that having a higher BAT-to-WAT ratio can improve your blood glucose and lipid profiles, even without weight loss.[35]

    • Actiponin (Gynostemma pentaphyllum)(leaf) Extract – 450 mg

      Sometimes referred to as southern ginseng, Gynostemma pentaphyllum has been used for hundreds of years in traditional Chinese medicine.[36]

      Although it was customarily used to treat conditions like edema, hematuria, and tumors,[36] modern research has identified certain bioactive constituents of Gynostemma pentaphyllum as potential fat-burning compounds.

      Gains Candy MitoBurn Bottle

      Lose the fat, but keep all the gains with Gains Candy MitoBurn!

      Actiponin is a patented Gynostemma extract that’s standardized for those compounds, which work by stimulating adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK),[37,38] an enzyme that helps your body absorb glucose and fat to burn for energy.[39]

      Known as a metabolic “master switch,” AMPK activity happens to be one of the most important factors in the presence of a fast, efficient metabolism. Below average AMPK activity is a common finding in obese people,[40] and targeted AMPK stimulation has actually been floated as a potential strategy for treating obesity.

      AMPK can also stimulate thermogenesis in your body’s WAT.[41] This makes AMPKa powerful ally in weight loss since WAT is metabolically inactive by default and generally an obstacle to losing weight and being metabolically healthy.

      AMPK-driven thermogenesis makes WAT more like BAT, which is great since BAT is sort of the holy grail of thermogenesis-inducing supplements.

      Gynostemma extracts have also been shown to help reduce blood glucose levels[42] after ingesting carbohydrates. This is a good thing in general, but particularly good for those who make ketosis part of their weight loss strategy.

    • MitoBurn (L-β-aminoisobutyric Acid) – 250mg

      MitoBurn is a patented form of L-β-aminoisobutyric Acid (L-BAIBA). L-BAIBA is a myokine, an amino acid whose primary role is signaling, making it more like a hormone than a protein building block.

      MitoBurn PricePlow

      MitoBurn (L-BAIBA) has flipped the fat burner niche on its head by supplying more of this exercise-based signaling molecule to dieters

      L-BAIBA is synthesized by your muscle tissue in response to exercise, and it’s most immediate precursor is the amino acid, valine.[43] Once L-BAIBA builds up in muscle tissue, it signals cells to initiate a bunch of metabolic processes that help your body cope with the stress of exercise and then recover after your workout is done.[44] Examples of L-BAIBA-driven adaptations would be increased fat burning and chemical protection of bone cells.

      Clinical research shows that L-BAIBA supplementation can increase the ratio of brown adipose tissue (BAT) (burns calories as heat), to white adipose tissue (WAT), which doesn’t burn calories or produce heat.[45] The more BAT you have, the higher your daily caloric expenditure since you’ll burn more calories via thermogenesis.

      L-BAIBA has been shown to do the following:

      • Increase fat burning[43,45-48]
      • Increase ketone levels[49]
      • Convert WAT to BAT[45,47]
      • Improve insulin sensitivity and reduce blood glucose[43,48,50]
      • Reduce systemic inflammation[47]
      • Improve blood lipid profile[43,48]
      • Increase bone density[51]
      • Support kidney health[52]
      L-BAIBA mechanism of action
      BAIBA Weight Loss

      “BAIBA is released from the muscle after an exercise bout, promoting differentiation of brown adipocyte-like cells within subcutaneous fat depots and fat oxidation in the liver.”[50]

      L-BAIBA stimulates two important metabolic pathways, PGC-1 alpha and PPAR alpha.[45,53] The first, PGC-1 alpha, increases the mitochondrial density of cells,[54] which increases the rate at which your cells burn glucose and fat (i.e., calories) for energy, leading to an increase in total daily energy expenditure (TDEE). PPAR alpha feeds BAT to your mitochondria, which burns it off as heat.[55]

      Why MitoBurn?
      BAIBA Results

      Beta-aminoisobutyric acid (BAIBA), induces beneficial effects on lipid homeostasis in mice.[48]

      Supplement manufacturers have been trying to use BAIBA basically since it was discovered, but major challenges stood in the way. For one thing, only the L-isomer of BAIBA, which is made from valine, is metabolically active whereas D-BAIBA and R-BAIBA, which are made from thymine,[43,46] are metabolically inactive.

      NNB Nutrition overcame this obstacle by formulating MitoBurn, a pure and standardized form of L-BAIBA. MitoBurn, which was introduced to the supplement market in 2020, is increasingly showing up in premium fat burner supplements like Alpha Lion’s Apex Nutrition.

      There’s so much more to BAIBA than we can possibly cover here. You can check out the full story at: BAIBA: Weight Loss Ingredient Generates Exercise in a Pill?!

    • InnoSlim Panax notoginseng (root) Extract and Astragalus membranaceus (root) Extract – 250 mg

      InnoSlim is a blend of botanical extracts derived from Panax notoginseng root (known colloquially as simply ginseng) and Astragalus membranaceus root (known as astragalus). The intent behind this formulation is to produce a fat burning, anti-diabetic supplement.

      Nuliv Science InnoSlim

      More than ever, we understand metabolism and its critical importance. Besides exercise and cleaning up your diet from processed foods, how else can we accelerate our path back to metabolic wellness? Nuliv Science’s InnoSlim is one such accelerant.

      The patented ingredient, InnoSlim, works by downregulating an intestinal protein transporter called sodium-glucose cotransporter 1 (SGLT1),[56] which has been shown to reduce the small intestine’s ability to absorb glucose by 41%.[56] Ultimately, the less glucose your digestive tract absorbs, the lower your blood glucose level will be. Also, your body will have fewer dietary carbohydrates available to store as fat.

      Simultaneously, InnoSlim upregulates the same transporter we discussed in the black pepper section, Glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4)[57] moves glucose out of your bloodstream and into muscle cells where it can be burned as energy for the purposes of fueling exercise (as glycogen), and recovery from exercise (as energy for glycogen replenishment and muscle protein synthesis).

      InnoSlim has also been shown to activate some of the major metabolic pathways of fat burning, such as ACC-P, HIF-1, adiponectin, and adenosine monophosphate activated protein kinase (AMPK).[58] You may recognize AMPK since we discussed it earlier in the MitoBurn section. By activating these pathways, InnoSlim increases your body’s rate of fat burning while inhibiting the synthesis of new fatty acids.

      Adiponectin is an especially good pathway to activate since it prevents the liver from storing glucose,[59] which is great for maintaining whole-body insulin sensitivity.

      Want to learn more about InnoSlim? Check out our previous post on the subject: InnoSlim: NuLivScience’s Potent Stimulant-Free Fat Burning Ingredient.

    • Fucoxanthin (10% std.) – 100 mg

      Alpha Lion Gains Candy CaloriBurn

      Increase your energy expenditure with Gains Candy CaloriBurn from Alpha Lion!

      Fucoxanthin is a compound that naturally occurs in seaweed and acts on a transporter protein — one we’ve discussed multiple times in this article, glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4). So you may already know that GLUT4 moves glucose from the bloodstream into muscle cells, meaning that more of the carbs you eat will be stored in muscles as opposed to fat cells.[60,61]

      As a beta-3 adrenergic agonist that acts primarily on WAT,[62] fucoxanthin increases the expression of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1), which ups the number of calories burned by certain tissues via thermogenesis,[63-65] Ultimately it can speed up fat loss and make it easier to achieve.

      Animal studies show that diets high in fucoxanthin-rich varieties of seaweed prevent the growth of fat cells and promote satiety.[66]

    • CaloriBurn GP Aframomum melegueta (seed)(12.5% 6-paradol) – 25 mg

      We’ve talked a lot about WAT and BAT in this discussion of Alpha Lion’s Apex Burn, so it’s appropriate to finishthis formula review with CaloriBurn, a patented grains of paradise (Aframomum melegueta).

      CaloriBurn

      Finally, a grains of paradise extract that actually passes lab tests for all clinical constituents!

      CaloriBurn is standardized to contain at least 12.5% 6-paradol by weight. We like 6-paradol because it drives the conversion of WAT to BAT, ultimately increasing the rate at which your body burns calories via thermogenesis.[67,68]

      One human study has even shown a measurable increase in basal metabolic rate following grains of paradise supplementation, owing to higher levels of BAT activity.[69]

      Another human study showed that grains of paradise can reduce levels of visceral fat,[70] an especially damaging type of fat tissue that’s associated with high levels of cortisol and inflammation.

      Will need to use 1.5 scoops through the day to get clinically-validated doses

      All in all, the data shows that users may burn about 100 calories more, but note that you may need to get a heaping scoop going to achieve the numbers of the studies cited above — the clinically-verified doses of grains of paradise are at 30 and 40 milligrams per day.

      Given that we’d use about 1.5 scoops total per day (245 milligrams of caffeine is just not enough to last an entire day anymore), this is actually perfectly fine.

Flavors available

    Conclusion

    CaloriBurn Lab Tests

    CaloriBurn is not just HPLC tested, but HLPTC, so you know it’s real GP, bringing with it more than just 6-paradol, but the three other major constituents (6-gingerol, 6-shogaol, and 6-gingerdione) with it as well!

    This formula shows great attention to detail and strong understanding of the fundamental processes behind fat loss, and it’s not a surprise given how much Alpha Lion has taken advantage of the NNB Nutrition MitoBurn / CaloriBurn stack.

    For example, the use of not just caffeine anhydrous, like 99% of fat burner supplements do, but instead a special blend of different forms of caffeine designed to give you the smoothest possible caffeine-injected energy curve and avoid any serious “crashes” as the caffeine wears off. Nobody likes a caffeine crash under the best of circumstances, but when it comes to dieting and losing weight, a situation where many people rely on caffeine as a crutch to get their body and mind through demanding activities on an energy budget, a crash is twice as bad and can potentially increase the temptation to eat something that you shouldn’t.

    We also appreciate the heavy use of ingredients that act on the BAT-WAT axis. This is a no-BS approach to maximizing fat loss through thermogenesis. And guess what else: no GBB and no yohimbe, yohimbine, or alpha-yohimbine / rauwolscine. Now you can comfortably burn fat… so long as you’re good with a bit of burn in Apex Burn.

    Alpha Lion Apex Burn – Deals and Price Drop Alerts

    Get Price Alerts

    No spam, no scams.

    Disclosure: PricePlow relies on pricing from stores with which we have a business relationship. We work hard to keep pricing current, but you may find a better offer.

    Posts are sponsored in part by the retailers and/or brands listed on this page.

    About the Author: Mike Roberto

    Mike Roberto

    Mike Roberto is a research scientist and water sports athlete who founded PricePlow. He is an n=1 diet experimenter with extensive experience in supplementation and dietary modification, whose personal expertise stems from several experiments done on himself while sharing lab tests.

    Mike's goal is to bridge the gap between nutritional research scientists and non-academics who seek to better their health in a system that has catastrophically failed the public.

    No Comments | Posted in | Tagged , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , .

    References

    1. National Center for Biotechnology Information. “PubChem Pathway Summary for Pathway SMP0000006, Tyrosine Metabolism, Source: PathBank” PubChem, https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pathway/PathBank:SMP0000006
    2. Wadden TA, Mason G, Foster GD, Stunkard AJ, Prange AJ. Effects of a very low calorie diet on weight, thyroid hormones and mood. Int J Obes. 1990 Mar;14(3):249-58; https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2341229/
    3. Mullur, Rashmi et al. “Thyroid hormone regulation of metabolism.” Physiological reviews vol. 94,2 (2014): 355-82. doi:10.1152/physrev.00030.2013; https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/labs/pmc/articles/PMC4044302/
    4. Khaliq, W et al. “Reductions in tyrosine levels are associated with thyroid hormone and catecholamine disturbances in sepsis.” Intensive Care Medicine Experimental vol. 3,Suppl 1 A686. 1 Oct. 2015, doi:10.1186/2197-425X-3-S1-A686; https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/labs/pmc/articles/PMC4798095/
    5. Sanders LM, Zeisel SH; “Choline: Dietary Requirements and Role in Brain Development;” Nutrition today; 2007;42(4):181-186; https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2518394/
    6. Purves D, Augustine GJ, Fitzpatrick D, et al.; “Neuroscience;” 2nd edition. Sunderland (MA): Sinauer Associates; 2001. Acetylcholine; https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK11143/
    7. Hasselmo ME. Neuromodulation: acetylcholine and memory consolidation. Trends Cogn Sci. 1999 Sep;3(9):351-359. doi: 10.1016/s1364-6613(99)01365-0; https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10461198/
    8. Jones, Rachel. “An acetylcholine receptor keeps muscles in balance.” PLoS biology vol. 7,12 e1000268. 22 Dec. 2009, doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1000268; https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2789318/
    9. Zeisel, Steven H. “Choline: Critical Role during Fetal Development and Dietary Requirements in Adults.” Annual Review of Nutrition, vol. 26, 2006, pp. 229–250, 10.1146/annurev.nutr.26.061505.111156; https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2441939/
    10. Kuksis, A., and S. Mookerjea. “Choline.” Nutrition Reviews, vol. 36, no. 7, 27 Apr. 2009, pp. 201–207, 10.1111/j.1753-4887.1978.tb07359.x; https://academic.oup.com/nutritionreviews/article-abstract/36/7/201/1831331
    11. Zeisel, S H, and J K Blusztajn. “Choline and Human Nutrition.” Annual Review of Nutrition, vol. 14, no. 1, July 1994, pp. 269–296, 10.1146/annurev.nu.14.070194.001413; https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7946521/
    12. da Costa, Kerry-Ann, et al. “Effects of Prolonged (1 Year) Choline Deficiency and Subsequent Re-Feeding of Choline on 1,2-Sn-Diradylglycerol, Fatty Acids and Protein Kinase c in Rat Liver.” Carcinogenesis, vol. 16, no. 2, 1995, pp. 327–334, 10.1093/carcin/16.2.327; https://academic.oup.com/carcin/article-abstract/16/2/327/348681
    13. Dodson WL, Sachan DS. Choline supplementation reduces urinary carnitine excretion in humans. Am J Clin Nutr. 1996;63(6):904-910. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8644685
    14. Hongu N, Sachan DS. Carnitine and choline supplementation with exercise alter carnitine profiles, biochemical markers of fat metabolism and serum leptin concentration in healthy women. J Nutr. 2003;133(1):84-89. http://jn.nutrition.org/content/133/1/84.long
    15. Daily JW 3rd, Sachan DS. Choline supplementation alters carnitine homeostasis in humans and guinea pigs. J Nutr. 1995;125(7):1938-1944. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7616311
    16. Poly, Coreyann et al. “The relation of dietary choline to cognitive performance and white-matter hyperintensity in the Framingham Offspring Cohort.” The American journal of clinical nutrition vol. 94,6 (2011): 1584-91. doi:10.3945/ajcn.110.008938; https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3252552/
    17. Elsawy G, Abdelrahman O, Hamza A. Effect of Choline Supplementation on Rapid Weight Loss and Biochemical Variables Among Female Taekwondo and Judo Athletes. Journal of Human Kinetics. 2014;40:77-82. doi:10.2478/hukin-2014-0009; https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4096089/
    18. “Choline and Fatty Liver Disease.” www.medicalnewstoday.com, 17 June 2022, http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/how-much-choline-is-needed-to-reverse-fatty-liver
    19. Munz, P. A; “A California flora and supplement”; University of California Press: Berkeley, CA, 1973; p 547; https://www.amazon.com/dp/0520024052
    20. Hadley, W. J.; Gisvold, O. “A phytochemical study of Eriodictyon angustifolium, Nuttley”; J. Am. Pharm. Assoc. Sci. Educ. 1944, 33, 275–7; https://www.researchgate.net/publication/246846230_A_phytochemical_study_of_Eriodictyon_angustifolium_nuttley
    21. Mödinger, Yvonne, et al. “A Food Supplement with Antioxidative Santa Herba Extract Modulates Energy Metabolism and Contributes to Weight Management.” Journal of Medicinal Food, 13 July 2021, 10.1089/jmf.2021.0016. https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/10.1089/jmf.2021.0016
    22. Santos, Tanila & Miranda, Jonatan & Teixeira, Lucimara & Aiastui, Ana & Matheu, Ander & Gambero, Alessandra & Portillo, María & Ribeiro, Marcelo. (2018). Yerba Mate Stimulates Mitochondrial Biogenesis and Thermogenesis in High Fat Diet-Induced Obese Mice. Molecular Nutrition & Food Research. 62. 1800142. 10.1002/mnfr.201800142. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/325471946_Yerba_Mate_Stimulates_Mitochondrial_Biogenesis_and_Thermogenesis_in_High_Fat_Diet-Induced_Obese_Mice
    23. “ZümXR Launches Two New Time-Release Caffeine Products.” ZümXR; https://web.archive.org/web/20220707112837/https://www.zumxr.com/news/zmxr-launches-two-new-time-release-caffeine-products
    24. Nehlig A, Daval JL, Debry G.; “Caffeine and the central nervous system: mechanisms of action, biochemical, metabolic and psychostimulant effects”; Brain Res Rev. 1992;17(2):139-170. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1356551/
    25. Goldstein, E.R., Ziegenfuss, T., Kalman, D. et al.; “International society of sports nutrition position stand: caffeine and performance.”; J Int Soc Sports Nutr 7, 5 (2010); https://jissn.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1550-2783-7-5
    26. Diepvens, K et al; “Obesity and thermogenesis related to the consumption of caffeine, ephedrine, capsaicin, and green tea;” American Journal of Physiology; 2007; https://journals.physiology.org/doi/full/10.1152/ajpregu.00832.2005
    27. Burke LM. Caffeine and sports performance. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. 2008 Dec;33(6):1319-34. doi: 10.1139/H08-130. PMID: 19088794. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19088794/
    28. Maeda A, Shirao T, Shirasaya D, Yoshioka Y, Yamashita Y, Akagawa M, Ashida H. Piperine Promotes Glucose Uptake through ROS-Dependent Activation of the CAMKK/AMPK Signaling Pathway in Skeletal Muscle. Mol Nutr Food Res. 2018 Jun;62(11):e1800086. doi: 10.1002/mnfr.201800086; https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29683271/
    29. Choi S, Choi Y, Choi Y, Kim S, Jang J, Park T. Piperine reverses high fat diet-induced hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance in mice. Food Chem. 2013 Dec 15;141(4):3627-35. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.06.028; https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23993530/
    30. Mittal R, Gupta RL. In vitro antioxidant activity of piperine. Methods Find Exp Clin Pharmacol. 2000 Jun;22(5):271-4. doi: 10.1358/mf.2000.22.5.796644; https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11031726/
    31. Kesarwani, Kritika et al. “Bioavailability enhancers of herbal origin: an overview.” Asian Pacific journal of tropical biomedicine vol. 3,4 (2013): 253-66. doi:10.1016/S2221-1691(13)60060-X; https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3634921/
    32. Rosenwald M, Wolfrum C; “The origin and definition of brite versus white and classical brown adipocytes”; Adipocyte; 2014;3(1):4-9; https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3917931/
    33. Peres Valgas da Silva, Carmem et al. “Cold and Exercise: Therapeutic Tools to Activate Brown Adipose Tissue and Combat Obesity.” Biology vol. 8,1 9. 12 Feb. 2019, doi:10.3390/biology8010009; https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6466122/
    34. Harms, Matthew, and Patrick Seale. “Brown and Beige Fat: Development, Function and Therapeutic Potential.” Nature Medicine, vol. 19, no. 10, 29 Sept. 2013, pp. 1252–1263, 10.1038/nm.3361. https://www.nature.com/articles/nm.3361
    35. Kim SH, Plutzky J; “Brown Fat and Browning for the Treatment of Obesity and Related Metabolic Disorders”; Diabetes & Metabolism Journal. 2016;40(1):12-21; https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4768046/
    36. “The Herb of Immortality: Gynostemma Pentaphyllum.” Naturopathic Doctor News and Review; https://ndnr.com/botanical-medicine/the-herb-of-immortality-gynostemma-pentaphyllum/
    37. Gauhar, R, et al; “Heat-processed Gynostemma pentaphyllum extract improves obesity in ob/ob mice by activating AMP-activated protein kinase”; Biotechnology Letters; Sep; 34(9):1607-16; 2012; http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22576281
    38. Huyen, V, et al; “Antidiabetic effect of Gynostemma pentaphyllum tea in randomly assigned type 2 diabetic patients”; Hormone and Metabolic Research; 42(5):353-7; May 2010; http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20213586
    39. Long, Yun Chau, and Juleen R Zierath; “AMP-activated protein kinase signaling in metabolic regulation.”; The Journal of clinical investigation; vol. 116,7; 2006; 1776-83; https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1483147/
    40. Jeon, Sang-Min. “Regulation and Function of AMPK in Physiology and Diseases.” Experimental & Molecular Medicine, vol. 48, no. 7, July 2016, pp. e245–e245, 10.1038/emm.2016.81; https://www.nature.com/articles/emm201681
    41. Maeda A, Shirao T, Shirasaya D, Yoshioka Y, Yamashita Y, Akagawa M, Ashida H. Piperine Promotes Glucose Uptake through ROS-Dependent Activation of the CAMKK/AMPK Signaling Pathway in Skeletal Muscle. Mol Nutr Food Res. 2018 Jun;62(11):e1800086. doi: 10.1002/mnfr.201800086; https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29683271/
    42. Hoa, N, et al; “Screening of the hypoglycemic effect of eight Vietnamese herbal drugs”; Methods and Findings in Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology; 31(3):165-9; April 2009; https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19536359
    43. Tanianskii, Dmitrii A et al; “Beta-Aminoisobutyric Acid as a Novel Regulator of Carbohydrate and Lipid Metabolism”; Nutrients; vol. 11,3 524; February 28, 2019; https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6470580/
    44. Schnyder, Svenia, Handschin, Christoph; “Skeletal muscle as an endocrine organ: PGC-1α, myokines and exercise”; Bone; Volume 80, Pages 115-125; November 2015; https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S8756328215000459
    45. Roberts, L, et al; “b-Aminoisobutyric Acid Induces Browning of White Fat and Hepatic b-Oxidation and Is Inversely Correlated with Cardiometabolic Risk Factors”; Cell Metabolism; Volume 19, Issue 1, pp 96-108; 2014; https://www.cell.com/cell-metabolism/fulltext/S1550-4131(13)00497-X
    46. Maisonneuve, C, et al; “Effects of zidovudine, stavudine and beta-aminoisobutyric acid on lipid homeostasis in mice: possible role in human fat wasting”; Antiviral Therapy; 9(5):801-10; October 2004; https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/ad85/0e69e7a66f59bd0491fbf2b39da15f6eb2cf.pdf
    47. Jung, Tae Woo, et al; “BAIBA attenuates insulin resistance and inflammation induced by palmitate or a high fat diet via an AMPK–PPARδ-dependent pathway in mice”; Diabetologia; September 2015, Volume 58, Issue 9, pp 2096–2105; https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00125-015-3663-z
    48. Begriche, Karima, et al. “β-Aminoisobutyric Acid Prevents Diet-Induced Obesity in Mice with Partial Leptin Deficiency.” Obesity, vol. 16, no. 9, Sept. 2008, pp. 2053–2067, 10.1038/oby.2008.337; https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1038/oby.2008.337
    49. Note, Reine et al; “Mitochondrial and metabolic effects of nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) in mice receiving one of five single- and three dual-NRTI treatments”; Antimicrobial agents and Chemotherapy; vol. 47,11: 3384-92; 2013; https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC253807/
    50. Kammoun, HL and Febbraio, MA; “Come on BAIBA Light My Fire;” Cell Metabolism; 2014;19(1), pp 1-2; https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1550413113005020
    51. Kitase, Yukiko et al; “β-aminoisobutyric Acid, l-BAIBA, Is a Muscle-Derived Osteocyte Survival Factor”; Cell Reports; vol. 22,6 (2018): 1531-1544; https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5832359/
    52. Wang, H, et al; “β-Aminoisobutyric acid ameliorates the renal fibrosis in mouse obstructed kidneys via inhibition of renal fibroblast activation and fibrosis”; Journal of Pharmacological Sciences; Volume 133, Issue 4; Pages 203-213; April 2017; https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1347861317300038
    53. Bostrom, P., et al. (2012). A PGC1-a-dependent myokine that drives brown-fat-like development of white fat and thermogenesis. Nature, 481: 463-482; https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22237023
    54. Lira, V., Benton, C., Yan, Z., Bonen, A (2010); PGC-1alpha regulation by exercise training and its influences on muscle function and insulin sensitivity; Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, 299 (2): 145-161; https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/labs/pmc/articles/PMC2928513/
    55. Harms, Matthew, and Patrick Seale. “Brown and Beige Fat: Development, Function and Therapeutic Potential.” Nature Medicine, vol. 19, no. 10, 29 Sept. 2013, pp. 1252–1263, 10.1038/nm.3361. https://www.nature.com/articles/nm.3361
    56. T.C. Chang, et al; “Effect of Ginsenosides on Glucose Uptake in Human Caco-2 Cells Is Mediated through Altered Na+/Glucose Cotransporter 1 Expression.”; J. Agric. Food Chem; 2007; 55; 1993-1998; https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17269785
    57. C.W. Wang, et al; ” An Essential Role of cAMP Response Element Binding Protein in Ginsenoside Rg1-Mediated Inhibition of Na1/ Glucose Cotransporter 1 Gene Expression.”; Mol Pharmacol; 2015; 88(6); 1072-83; https://molpharm.aspetjournals.org/content/88/6/1072.long
    58. W.L. Chang, et al; “The Inhibitory Effect of Ginsenoside Rg1 on Glucose and Lipid Production in Human HepG2 Cells.”; Adaptive Medicine; 2013; 5(4); 181-188; https://discover.nulivscience.com/hubfs/InnoSlim/The_Inhibitory_effect_of_Rg1_on_glucose_and_lipid_production_in_human_hepG2_cells.pdf
    59. Lihn, A S, et a;. “Adiponectin: Action, Regulation and Association to Insulin Sensitivity.;” Obesity Reviews : an Official Journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity; U.S. National Library of Medicine; Feb. 2005; https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15655035
    60. u X, et al; “Combination of fucoxanthin and conjugated linoleic acid attenuates body weight gain and improves lipid metabolism in high-fat diet-induced obese rats”; Arch Biochem Biophys; 2012; https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22289788/
    61. Maeda H, et al; “Anti-obesity and anti-diabetic effects of fucoxanthin on diet-induced obesity conditions in a murine model”; Mol Med Report; 2009; https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21475918/
    62. Maeda H, et al; “Fucoxanthin from edible seaweed, Undaria pinnatifida, shows antiobesity effect through UCP1 expression in white adipose tissues”; Biochem Biophys Res Commun; 2005; https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15896707/
    63. Abidov M, et al; “The effects of Xanthigen in the weight management of obese premenopausal women with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and normal liver fat”; Diabetes Obes Metab; 2010; https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19840063/
    64. Busiello RA, Savarese S and Lombardi A (2015) Mitochondrial uncoupling proteins and energy metabolism. Front. Physiol. 6:36. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2015.00036; https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphys.2015.00036/full
    65. Ikeda, Kenji, and Tetsuya Yamada. “UCP1 Dependent and Independent Thermogenesis in Brown and Beige Adipocytes.” Frontiers in endocrinology vol. 11 498. 28 Jul. 2020, doi:10.3389/fendo.2020.00498; https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7399049/
    66. Woo, Myoung-Nam, et al. “Fucoxanthin Supplementation Improves Plasma and Hepatic Lipid Metabolism and Blood Glucose Concentration in High-Fat Fed C57BL/6N Mice.” Chemico-Biological Interactions, vol. 186, no. 3, Aug. 2010, pp. 316–322, 10.1016/j.cbi.2010.05.006; https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20519145/
    67. Sugita, J., Yoneshiro, T., et al; “Grains of paradise (Aframomum melegueta) extract activates brown adipose tissue and increases whole-body energy expenditure in men”; British Journal of Nutrition; (2013) 110(4), pp. 733–738; https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/british-journal-of-nutrition/article/grains-of-paradise-aframomum-melegueta-extract-activates-brown-adipose-tissue-and-increases-whole-body-energy-expenditure-in-men/517F8F0D73864C919E42D502537BA01D/core-reader
    68. Sugita J, Yoneshiro T, et al; “Daily ingestion of grains of paradise (Aframomum melegueta) extract increases whole-body energy expenditure and decreases visceral fat in humans”; Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology; 2014, 60(1): 22-27; https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/jnsv/60/1/60_22/_pdf
    69. Sugita, J., Yoneshiro, T., et al; “Grains of paradise (Aframomum melegueta) extract activates brown adipose tissue and increases whole-body energy expenditure in men”; British Journal of Nutrition; (2013) 110(4), pp. 733–738; https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/british-journal-of-nutrition/article/grains-of-paradise-aframomum-melegueta-extract-activates-brown-adipose-tissue-and-increases-whole-body-energy-expenditure-in-men/517F8F0D73864C919E42D502537BA01D/core-reader
    70. Sugita J, Yoneshiro T, et al; “Daily ingestion of grains of paradise (Aframomum melegueta) extract increases whole-body energy expenditure and decreases visceral fat in humans”; Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology; 2014, 60(1): 22-27; https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24759256/

    Comments and Discussion (Powered by the PricePlow Forum)