CBUM Thavage Pre-Workout Green Crush Still on the Loose

Last October, for PricePlow Podcast #052, we sat down with the Raw Nutrition team to discuss their partnership with Mr. Olympia winner Chris Bumstead.

Raw Nutrition CBUM Thavage Pre-Workout Green Crush

It sold out nearly immediately on Raw Nutrition’s site, but is still out there in the wild — Green Crush (Cucumber Lime) Thavage Pre!

If you didn’t catch that episode of the podcast, or just need a refresher, check it out here:

Chris Bumstead Joins Raw Nutrition Ownership Team, Launches Product Line | #052

In this episode, the team discussed how Chris’s arrival at Raw Nutrition would occasion the launch of the CBUM product line, starting with CBUM ISO-Protein and CBUM Thavage Pre-Workout.

New flavor – Green Crush!

We recently covered his celebrational 3-PEAT flavor after Chris won Mr. Olympia Classic Physique for the third time in a row, but the latest story with Thavage Pre-Workout is that yet another new flavor has been released: Green Crush! Since it’s already sold out at Raw Nutrition’s website, the Cucumber Lime flavor profile is already looking like a winner – and as we write this, some other stores still have it.

CBUM Pre: for Thavages Only

Chris Bumstead Raw Nutrition Ownership

Chris Bumstead is now a partner at Raw Nutrition! Learn what’s coming back with PricePlow Podcast Episode #052.

Thavage Pre-Workout is designed to be either single scooped or double scooped, with 40 scoops per container. A double scoop gives you a solid 305 milligrams of caffeine plus added synephrine, meaning that a full serving of this supplement is not for most pre-workout rookies.

Every Thavage loves the tingles

Another notable ingredient here is the 3200 milligrams of beta-alanine per 2-scoop serving. This isn’t totally surprising since, as he explains in the podcast episode linked above, Chris himself loves the beta-alanine tingles.

But it’s also got a lot of non-stim energy and focus ingredients like tyrosine, synephrine, and alpha-GPC, making it a supplement that attacks the problem of workout motivation from a bunch of different complementary angles, without just relying on a big dose of caffeine.

Let’s go through a quick review of the Thavage Pre-Workout ingredients. But first, be sure you’re signed up for PricePlow Raw Nutrition alerts:

RAW Nutrition CBUM Thavage Pre-Workout – Deals and Price Drop Alerts

Get Price Alerts

No spam, no scams.

Disclosure: PricePlow relies on pricing from stores with which we have a business relationship. We work hard to keep pricing current, but you may find a better offer.

Posts are sponsored in part by the retailers and/or brands listed on this page.

Ingredients

A full in-depth analysis is in our main article titled Chris Bumstead’s CBUM Thavage Pre Workout: A Pre Fit For Thavages. Briefly, in a single 2-scoop serving of CBUM Thavage Pre-Workout, you get the following:

  • L-Citrulline – 6000 mg

    Raw Nutrition Thavage Pre-Workout Ingredients

    A pre fit for a Thavage – You’re two-scoopin it, right?

    Main Purpose: Nitric oxide pumps.

    Citrulline is a potent nitric oxide (NO) booster,[1] more effective than arginine.[2-4] Greater NO production means more efficient nutrient and oxygen delivery, as well as ATP production.[5-7] Athletes who take NO boosters are less sore after exercise.[8] A 6-gram dose of citrulline is big, with the standard clinical dose being about 3 grams.[9]

  • Beta-Alanine – 3200 mg

    Main Purpose: Endurance.

    When combined with histidine, beta-alanine makes carnosine,[10,11] which can increase athletic endurance by buffering lactic acid in muscles. Two large meta-analyses found that any exercise between 30 seconds and 10 minutes in duration can benefit greatly from beta-alanine.[12,13] A large meta-analysis also concludes that it’s safe.[14]

  • Betaine Anhydrous – 2500 mg

    Main Purpose: Ergogenic muscle builder.

    Betaine is a methyl donor capable of reducing homocysteine blood levels.[15] it’s also an osmolyte, helping to make cells more resilient through improved hydration[16,17] and protect them from heat shock.[18] After years of positive research outcomes on betaine,[19-24] seminal studies in 2013 and 2014 found that 2500 grams of betaine daily could cause 5.3 pounds of muscle gain and 6.4 pounds of fat loss, a 3% body fat reduction in just six weeks.[17,25] A followup study replicated the fat loss effects in women with the same 2.5 gram daily dose.[26]

  • L-Tyrosine – 2000 mg

    Main Purpose: Focus.

    Raw Nutrition Thavage Pre-Workout 3 Peat

    It’s a 3 PEAT! Check out Raw Nutrition’s powerful new championship celebration flavor for Chris Bumstead’s third consecutive Classic Physique Mr. Olymypia win!

    Tyrosine can help boost focus and energy by acting as a precursor for dopamine and adrenaline.[27] It’s especially good for mitigating cognitive impairment caused by acute sleep deprivation.[28,29]

  • Taurine – 2000 mg

    Main Purpose: Hydration-driven endurance.

    Taurine synergizes with betaine, as it is also an osmolyte. It can increase endurance, act as an antioxidant, and facilitate muscle contractions.[30-33] A 2018 meta-analysis found that 1 to 6-gram doses of taurine work even on the first use.[32] Taurine can also improve cognition[31] and boost NO production.[33]

  • Inositol-stabilized Arginine Silicate (as Nitrosigine) – 1500 mg

    Main Purpose: Nitric Oxide Booster

    Nitrosigine Working Memory Study

    A new study published in late 2021 showed that Nutrition21’s Nitrosigine improves working memory and cognitive function in healthy young adults

    Nitrosigine (ASI) is a patented compound of arginine, inositol, and potassium silicate.[34] Nitrosigine is designed to increase the bioavailability of arginine by buffering arginase, thus sparing the arginine from the “first pass effect.”[35,36] Nitrosigine boosts NO production quickly and for a long time, acting as soon as 30 minutes after ingestion for up to six hours.[37,38] Increased NO production can improve athletic performance[39,40] and speed recovery after exercise.[40,41] Nitrosigine can also have nootropic effects.[37,42,43]

    Read more about Nitrosigine at Nitrosigine: The Nitric Oxide Booster That Enhances Brain Function.

  • Agmatine Sulfate – 1000 mg

    Main Purpose: Nitric Oxide Booster

    Agmatine sulfate prevents NO from being degraded, thus extending its action.[44] It can also boost NO production.[45] Agmatine also works as a neurotransmitter and can boost mood.[46]

  • Coconut Fruit Water Powder – 500 mg

    Main Purpose: Hydration

    Coconut water powder can improve hydration, helping the body hold on to its stored water by raising electrolyte levels.[47] It has been shown to rehydrate at least as well as sugar-based electrolyte sports drinks.[48]

  • Alpha-GPC (Alpha-Glyceryl Phosphoryl Choline 50%) – 400 mg

    Main Purpose: Focus

    Raw Nutrition CBUM Itholate Protein Cinnamon Crunch

    CBUM’s Raw Nutrition ISO-Protein is now known as Itholate, a perfect pair to the Thavage Pre Workout

    Alpha-GPC is a great source of choline, which is a precursor to acetylcholine, a crucially important neurotransmitter that regulates a huge range of cognitive functions from learning and memory consolidation to balance and coordination.[49,50] Many who take alpha-GPC report a better “mind-muscle connection.”

  • Caffeine Anhydrous – 260 mg (of 305 milligrams total)

    Main Purpose: Energy.

    Caffeine fights fatigue by inhibiting adenosine and phosphodiesterase.[51] It can also increase your rate of fat burning.[52-54]

    Note: a 2-scoop serving of CBum Thavage Pre-Workout gives you ~305 milligrams of caffeine, which is a lot. Assess your tolerance before using a 2-scoop serving.

  • L-Theanine – 150 mg

    Main Purpose: Caffeine Synergy

    Theanine occurs naturally in tea and synthesizes with caffeine. The combination of caffeine and theanine has been shown to improve cognition to a greater degree than either substance alone.[52-54] It also has anti-anxiety effects.[51]

  • Bitter Orange (Citrus aurantium) Fruit Extract (6% Synephrine) – 100 mg

    Main Purpose: Energy and fat oxidation

    This extract standardized for synephrine, a beta-3 adrenergic receptor agonist,[55] can increase the body’s ability to burn fat.[56,57] It can rev up the metabolism, but without causing a rise in blood pressure or heart rate.[55] It also helps boost fat burning, like caffeine.[58]

  • Di-Caffeine Malate – 64 mg (delivering 45 mg caffeine out of 305 milligrams total)

    Main Purpose: Longer-lasting energy

    Raw Nutrition CBUM Thavage Pre Workout V2

    Chris Bumstead’s Thavage Pre Workout has been updated a couple times along the way

    Di-caffeine malate is caffeine combined with malic acid. This ingredient has all the same effects as caffeine anhydrous,[51-54] but has a longer half-life and a smoother energy curve, meaning you get less of a crash as it wears off.

  • AstraGin (Astragalus membranaceus & Panax notoginseng) Root extracts – 25 mg

    Main Purpose: Bioavailability enhancer

    AstraGin increases the absorption of other ingredients.[59] By increasing ATP availability for intestinal cells, AstraGin helps those cells function better, which means they are able to transport more of what you ingest through the intestinal wall and into your bloodstream.[60-62] The presence of AstraGin basically means you’re getting more bang for your buck.

  • Huperzine A (H. serrata) (whole herb) Extract – 100 mcg

    Main Purpose: Longer-lasting focus

    Huperzine A inhibits acetylcholinesterase, the enzyme that breaks down acetylcholine.[63] This effectively raises acetylcholine levels and will synergize well with alpha-GPC, another ingredient in this stack that can boost acetylcholine production. This means better cognition and faster learning,[64] and perhaps even increased neurogenesis.[65]

  • Vitamins & Minerals

    A 2-scoop serving of CBum Thavage also has:

    • Vitamin C (250 mg): a famous antioxidant that can increase NO production[66] and NO bioavailability.[67]
    • Vitamin B6 (10 mg):optimizes protein metabolism, regulates homocysteine, and helps produce neurotransmitters.[68]
    • Vitamin B12 (100 mcg): needed for red blood cell production, DNA synthesis, and cognition.[69] Deficiencies in B12 cause severe neuropathy.

Again, see our main Raw Nutrition CBUM Thavage Pre-Workout article for the full details.

Flavors Available

Cucumber Lime not your thing? That’s fine – you can check out the following Thavage Pre flavors below:

Raw Nutrition CBUM Thavage Pre-Workout Green Crush

    Conclusion: Thavage Keeps it Coming

    This flavor was an instant hit, selling out on Raw Nutrition’s website in what seemed like record-breaking time. Thankfully, we have the PricePlow system to keep track of other stores that have it in stock.

    Besides the new flavor, there has been a slight redesign in the formula since it was created, but we’ve kept all changes up to date in our original Thavage Pre-Workout article. For instance, creatine and glycerol are both gone and we’re now using Nitrosigine for nitric oxide enhancement.

    This makes sense, as most consumers will be taking a creatine supplement anyway, and glycerol is probably not needed since there are other osmolytes in the formula to take up the slack, and it doesn’t store as well down in Florida where Chris, Dr. Dom, and Matt Jansen are building the next great empire in bodybuilding.

    RAW Nutrition CBUM Thavage Pre-Workout – Deals and Price Drop Alerts

    Get Price Alerts

    No spam, no scams.

    Disclosure: PricePlow relies on pricing from stores with which we have a business relationship. We work hard to keep pricing current, but you may find a better offer.

    Posts are sponsored in part by the retailers and/or brands listed on this page.

    About the Author: Mike Roberto

    Mike Roberto

    Mike Roberto is a research scientist and water sports athlete who founded PricePlow. He is an n=1 diet experimenter with extensive experience in supplementation and dietary modification, whose personal expertise stems from several experiments done on himself while sharing lab tests.

    Mike's goal is to bridge the gap between nutritional research scientists and non-academics who seek to better their health in a system that has catastrophically failed the public. Mike is currently experimenting with a low Vitamin A diet.

    No Comments | Posted in | Tagged , , .

    References

    1. Bailey, SJ et al.; “l-Citrulline supplementation improves O2 uptake kinetics and high-intensity exercise performance in humans.”; Journal of Applied Physiology; 119(4) pp. 385-395; 2015; https://journals.physiology.org/doi/full/10.1152/japplphysiol.00192.2014
    2. Schwedhelm, Edzard et al.; “Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of oral L-citrulline and L-arginine: impact on nitric oxide metabolism.”; British journal of clinical pharmacology vol. 65,1 (2008): 51-9.; https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2291275/
    3. Castillo, L, et al. “Splanchnic Metabolism of Dietary Arginine in Relation to Nitric Oxide Synthesis in Normal Adult Man.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, vol. 90, no. 1, 1 Jan. 1993, pp. 193–197; https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC45626/
    4. Wu, Guoyao. “Intestinal Mucosal Amino Acid Catabolism.” The Journal of Nutrition, vol. 128, no. 8, 1 Aug. 1998, pp. 1249–1252, 10.1093/jn/128.8.1249; https://academic.oup.com/jn/article/128/8/1249/4722724
    5. Giannesini B., et. al.; European Journal of Pharmacology; “Citrulline malate supplementation increases muscle efficiency in rat skeletal muscle;” September 2011; http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21664351
    6. Perez-Guisado J, Jakeman PM; Journal of Strength and Conditioning; “Citrulline malate enhances athletic anaerobic performance and relieves muscle soreness;” May 2010; http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20386132
    7. Hickner RC. et. al.; Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise; “L-citrulline reduces time to exhaustion and insulin response to a graded exercise test;” 2006; http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16679980
    8. Rhim, Hye Chang, et al. “Effect of Citrulline on Post-Exercise Rating of Perceived Exertion, Muscle Soreness, and Blood Lactate Levels: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.” Journal of Sport and Health Science, Feb. 2020, 10.1016/j.jshs.2020.02.003. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2095254620300168
    9. Sureda, Antoni, et al. “L-Citrulline-Malate Influence over Branched Chain Amino Acid Utilization during Exercise.” European Journal of Applied Physiology, vol. 110, no. 2, 25 May 2010, pp. 341–351, 10.1007/s00421-010-1509-4; https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20499249/
    10. Hill, C. A., et al. “Influence of β-Alanine Supplementation on Skeletal Muscle Carnosine Concentrations and High Intensity Cycling Capacity.” Amino Acids, vol. 32, no. 2, 28 July 2006, pp. 225–233, doi:10.1007/s00726-006-0364-4. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16868650/
    11. Trexler, E.T., Smith-Ryan, A.E., Stout, J.R. et al.; “International society of sports nutrition position stand: Beta-Alanine.”; J Int Soc Sports Nutr 12, 30 (2015); https://jissn.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12970-015-0090-y
    12. Hobson, R M et al. “Effects of β-alanine supplementation on exercise performance: a meta-analysis.” Amino acids vol. 43,1 (2012): 25-37. doi:10.1007/s00726-011-1200-z; https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3374095/
    13. Saunders, Bryan, et al. “β-Alanine Supplementation to Improve Exercise Capacity and Performance: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.” British Journal of Sports Medicine, vol. 51, no. 8, 18 Oct. 2016, pp. 658–669; https://bjsm.bmj.com/content/51/8/658.long
    14. Dolan, Eimear, et al. “A Systematic Risk Assessment and Meta-Analysis on the Use of Oral β-Alanine Supplementation.” Advances in Nutrition, vol. 10, no. 3, 13 Apr. 2019, pp. 452–463, 10.1093/advances/nmy115; https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6520041/
    15. Olthof, M. R., & Verhoef, P. (2005). Effects of betaine intake on plasma homocysteine concentrations and consequences for health. Current drug metabolism, 6(1), 15-22; https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15720203
    16. Boel De Paepe; “Osmolytes as Mediators of the Muscle Tissue’s Responses to Inflammation: Emerging Regulators of Myositis with Therapeutic Potential”; EMJ Rheumatol. 2017;4undefined:83-89; https://www.emjreviews.com/rheumatology/article/osmolytes-as-mediators-of-the-muscle-tissues-responses-to-inflammation-emerging-regulators-of-myositis-with-therapeutic-potential/
    17. Cholewa, Jason M et al. “Effects of betaine on body composition, performance, and homocysteine thiolactone.” Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition vol. 10,1 39. 22 Aug. 2013, doi:10.1186/1550-2783-10-39; https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3844502/
    18. Caldas, Teresa, et al. “Thermoprotection by Glycine Betaine and Choline.” Microbiology, vol. 145, no. 9, 1 Sept. 1999, pp. 2543–2548, 10.1099/00221287-145-9-2543; https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10517607/
    19. Roti, M; “Homocysteine, Lipid and Glucose Responses to Betaine Supplementation During Running in the Heat”; Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise: May 2003 – Volume 35 – Issue 5 – p S271; https://journals.lww.com/acsm-msse/Fulltext/2003/05001/HOMOCYSTEINE,_LIPID_AND_GLUCOSE_RESPONSES_TO.1501.aspx
    20. Armstrong, Lawrence E, et al. “Influence of Betaine Consumption on Strenuous Running and Sprinting in a Hot Environment.” Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, vol. 22, no. 3, May 2008, pp. 851–860, 10.1519/jsc.0b013e31816a6efb; https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18438230
    21. Hoffman, Jay R, et al. “Effect of Betaine Supplementation on Power Performance and Fatigue.” Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, vol. 6, no. 1, 27 Feb. 2009, 10.1186/1550-2783-6-7; https://jissn.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1550-2783-6-7
    22. Lee, Elaine C, et al. “Ergogenic Effects of Betaine Supplementation on Strength and Power Performance.” Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, vol. 7, no. 1, 2010, p. 27, 10.1186/1550-2783-7-27; https://jissn.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1550-2783-7-27
    23. Trepanowski, John F, et al. “The Effects of Chronic Betaine Supplementation on Exercise Performance, Skeletal Muscle Oxygen Saturation and Associated Biochemical Parameters in Resistance Trained Men.” Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, vol. 25, no. 12, Dec. 2011, pp. 3461–3471, 10.1519/jsc.0b013e318217d48d; https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22080324/
    24. Pryor, J Luke, et al. “Effect of Betaine Supplementation on Cycling Sprint Performance.” Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, vol. 9, no. 1, 3 Apr. 2012, 10.1186/1550-2783-9-12; https://jissn.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1550-2783-9-12
    25. Cholewa, Jason M., et al. “Effects of Betaine on Performance and Body Composition: A Review of Recent Findings and Potential Mechanisms.” Amino Acids, vol. 46, no. 8, 24 Apr. 2014, pp. 1785–1793, 10.1007/s00726-014-1748-5; https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24760587/
    26. Jason Michael Cholewa, et al; “The Effects of Chronic Betaine Supplementation on Body Composition and Performance in Collegiate Females: a Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo Controlled Trial”; Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition; BioMed Central; 31 July 2018; https://jissn.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12970-018-0243-x
    27. Pietz J, Landwehr R, Kutscha A, Schmidt H, de Sonneville L, Trefz FK. Effect of high-dose tyrosine supplementation on brain function in adults with phenylketonuria. J Pediatr. 1995;127(6):936-943; https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8523192
    28. Attipoe, Selasi, et al. “Tyrosine for Mitigating Stress and Enhancing Performance in Healthy Adult Humans, a Rapid Evidence Assessment of the Literature.” Military Medicine, vol. 180, no. 7, July 2015, pp. 754–765, 10.7205/milmed-d-14-00594; https://academic.oup.com/milmed/article/180/7/754/4160625
    29. Pomeroy, Diane E., et al. “A Systematic Review of the Effect of Dietary Supplements on Cognitive Performance in Healthy Young Adults and Military Personnel.” Nutrients, vol. 12, no. 2, 20 Feb. 2020, p. 545, 10.3390/nu12020545; https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7071459/
    30. Ripps, H. et al. Nov. 2012. “Review: Taurine: A “Very Essential Amino Acid.” Molecular Vision vol. 18. 2673-86. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3501277/
    31. Chen, C. et al. Aug. 2019. “Roles of Taurine in Cognitive Function of Physiology, Pathologies, and Toxication.” Life Sciences vol. 15, 231; https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31220527/
    32. Waldron, M., et al. May 2018. “The Effects of an Oral Taurine Dose and Supplementation Period on Endurance Exercise Performance in Humans: A Meta-Analysis.” Sports Medicine vol. 48,5; 1247-53. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29546641
    33. Guizoni, D. et al. Jan. 2020. “Modulation of Endothelium-Derived Nitric Oxide Production and Activity by Taurine and Taurine-Conjugated Bile Acids.” Nitric Oxide vol. 94,1; 48-53; https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1089860319302113
    34. Vijaya Juturu V., Komorowski, JR. 2002. US7576132B2 – “Arginine Silicate Inositol Complex and use Thereof.” The United States Patent and Trademark Office. https://patents.google.com/patent/US7576132
    35. Sandler, D., et al. June 2016. “Absorption of Bonded Arginine Silicate Compared to Individual Arginine and Silicon Components.” Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition vol. 13. https://jissn.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12970-016-0144-9
    36. Komorowski, J., Perez, S., & Sylla, S; “Arginase Inhibition by Inositol-stabilized Arginine Silicate (ASI; Nitrosigine); A Novel Mechanism by which ASI Enhances Arginine Bioavailability”; Poster Presentation. Retrieved from https://www.eventscribe.com/2018/Nutrition2018/ajaxcalls/PosterInfo.asp?efp=UlhTRFpZVVI0ODYw&PosterID=146640&rnd=0.1401379
    37. Rood-Ojalvo, S. et al. Sep. 2015. “The Benefits of Inositol-Stabilized Arginine Silicate as a Workout Ingredient.” Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition vol. 12(S1). https://jissn.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1550-2783-12-S1-P14
    38. Kalman, D. et al. June 2018. “An Evaluation of the Effects of Inositol-Stabilized Arginine Silicate (ASI; Nitrosigine) On Cognitive Flexibility.” Nutrients https://blog.priceplow.com/wp-content/uploads/nitrosigine-cognitive-flexibility-issn-2018.pdf
    39. Suzuki, I., Sakuraba, K., Horiike, T. et al. A combination of oral l-citrulline and l-arginine improved 10-min full-power cycling test performance in male collegiate soccer players: a randomized crossover trial. Eur J Appl Physiol 119, 1075–1084; 2019; https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00421-019-04097-7
    40. Vanhatalo, Anni, et al. “Acute and Chronic Effects of Dietary Nitrate Supplementation on Blood Pressure and the Physiological Responses to Moderate-Intensity and Incremental Exercise.” American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology, vol. 299, no. 4, Oct. 2010, pp. R1121–R1131, 10.1152/ajpregu.00206.2010; https://journals.physiology.org/doi/full/10.1152/ajpregu.00206.2010
    41. Mor A, Yılmaz AK, Acar K, Birinci MC, Ipekoglu G. Does Nitric Oxide Intake Affect Post-Exercise Recovery in Athletes? A Study on Cocoa, Caffeine and Nitric Oxide Supplement: Effect of Nitric Oxide Intake in Athletes. Progr Nutr [Internet]. 2020 Sep. 30 [cited 2022 May 4];22(3):e2020007; https://www.mattioli1885journals.com/index.php/progressinnutrition/article/view/8529
    42. Evans, M., Zakaria, N., & Marzuk, M; “An Evaluation of the Effects of Inositol-Stabilized Arginine Silicate (ASI; Nitrosigine) in Preventing the Decline of Cognitive Function Caused by Strenuous Exercise”; International Society of Sports Nutrition 2018 Conference; 2018; https://blog.priceplow.com/wp-content/uploads/nitrosigine-preventing-cognitive-decline-caused-by-strenuous-exercise.pdf
    43. Kalman, D., Hewlings, S., Sylla, S., Ojalvo, S., & Komorrowski, J; “An evaluation of the effects of inositol-stabilized arginine silicate (ASI; Nitrosigine) on cognitive flexibility”; Nutrients; 2016; https://blog.priceplow.com/wp-content/uploads/nitrosigine-cognitive-flexibility-issn-2018.pdf
    44. Legaz, M. et al. Feb. 1983. “Endogenous Inactivators of Arginase, L-Arginine Decarboxylase, and Agmatine Amidinohydrolase in Evernia prunastri Thallus.” Plant Physiology vol. 71,1; 300-2. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16662821
    45. Morrissey J. et al. Jan. 1997. “Agmatine Activation of Nitric Oxide Synthase in Endothelial Cells.” Proceedings of the Association of American Physicians vol. 109,1;51-7. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9010916/
    46. Freitas, Andiara E., et al. “Agmatine, a Potential Novel Therapeutic Strategy for Depression.” European Neuropsychopharmacology: The Journal of the European College of Neuropsychopharmacology, vol. 26, no. 12, 1 Dec. 2016, pp. 1885–1899, 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2016.10.013; https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27836390/
    47. Ismail, I., et al. 2007. “Rehydration with Sodium-Enriched Coconut Water After Exercise-Induced Dehydration.” The Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health vol. 38,4 (2007): 769-85. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17883020/
    48. M. Saat, et al. 2002 “Rehydration After Exercise with Fresh Coconut Water, Carbohydrate-Electrolyte Beverage and Plain Water.”Journal of Physiological Anthropology and Applied Human Science 21 no. 2 (2002). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12056182
    49. Wallace JMW, McCormack JM, McNulty H, et al. Choline supplementation and measures of choline and betaine status: a randomised, controlled trial in postmenopausal women. Br J Nutr. 2012;108(7):1264-1271. doi:10.1017/S000711451100674X. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22172554
    50. Cohen BM, Renshaw PF, Stoll AL, Wurtman RJ, Yurgelun-Todd D, Babb SM. Decreased brain choline uptake in older adults. An in vivo proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy study. JAMA. 1995;274(11):902-907; https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7674505
    51. Goldstein, E.R., Ziegenfuss, T., Kalman, D. et al.; “International society of sports nutrition position stand: caffeine and performance”; J Int Soc Sports Nutr 7, 5 (2010); https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/1550-2783-7-5
    52. Norager, C. B., et al. “Metabolic Effects of Caffeine Ingestion and Physical Work in 75-Year Old Citizens. A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Cross-over Study.” Clinical Endocrinology, vol. 65, no. 2, Aug. 2006, pp. 223–228, 10.1111/j.1365-2265.2006.02579.x; https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16886964/
    53. Astrup, A, et al. “Caffeine: A Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study of Its Thermogenic, Metabolic, and Cardiovascular Effects in Healthy Volunteers.” The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, vol. 51, no. 5, 1 May 1990, pp. 759–767, 10.1093/ajcn/51.5.759; https://academic.oup.com/ajcn/article/51/5/759/4695347
    54. Keijzers, Gerben B., et al. “Caffeine Can Decrease Insulin Sensitivity in Humans.” Diabetes Care, vol. 25, no. 2, 1 Feb. 2002, pp. 364–369; https://care.diabetesjournals.org/content/25/2/364.long
    55. Stohs, Sidney J., et al. “A Review of the Human Clinical Studies Involving Citrus Aurantium (Bitter Orange) Extract and Its Primary Protoalkaloid P-Synephrine.” International Journal of Medical Sciences, vol. 9, no. 7, 2012, pp. 527–538, 10.7150/ijms.4446. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3444973/
    56. Schena, Giorgia, and Michael J. Caplan. “Everything You Always Wanted to Know about β3-AR * (* but Were Afraid to Ask).” Cells, vol. 8, no. 4, 16 Apr. 2019, p. 357, 10.3390/cells8040357. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6523418/
    57. Gutiérrez-Hellín, Jorge, and Juan Del Coso. “Acute P-Synephrine Ingestion Increases Fat Oxidation Rate during Exercise.” British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, vol. 82, no. 2, 7 May 2016, pp. 362–368, 10.1111/bcp.12952. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4972152/
    58. Ratamess, Nicholas A., et al. “The Effects of Supplementation with P-Synephrine Alone and in Combination with Caffeine on Resistance Exercise Performance.” Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, vol. 12, no. 1, 17 Sept. 2015, 10.1186/s12970-015-0096-5. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4573476
    59. NuLiv Science; AstraGin Product Dossier; https://docdro.id/rA01t9O
    60. Kiela, Pawel R., and Fayez K. Ghishan. “Physiology of Intestinal Absorption and Secretion.” Best Practice & Research Clinical Gastroenterology, vol. 30, no. 2, Apr. 2016, pp. 145–159, 10.1016/j.bpg.2016.02.007. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4956471
    61. Cooper, Geoffrey M. “Endocytosis.” Nih.gov, Sinauer Associates, 2014. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK9831/
    62. Lee, Shih-Yu, et al. “Astragaloside II Promotes Intestinal Epithelial Repair by Enhancing L-Arginine Uptake and Activating the MTOR Pathway.” Scientific Reports, vol. 7, no. 1, 26 Sept. 2017, p. 12302, 10.1038/s41598-017-12435-y. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5614914/
    63. Damar, U., Gersner, R., et al. Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics; “Huperzine A as a neuroprotective and antiepileptic drug: a review of preclinical research.” 2016; https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27086593/
    64. Strumia, E., Pelliccia, F., et al. Advances in Therapy; “Creatine phosphate: pharmacological and clinical perspectives.” 2012; https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22297802
    65. Ma, Tuo, et al. “Huperzine a Promotes Hippocampal Neurogenesis in Vitro and in Vivo.” Brain Research, vol. 1506, 19 Apr. 2013, pp. 35–43, 10.1016/j.brainres.2013.02.026; https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23454433/
    66. d’Uscio LV, Milstien S, Richardson D, Smith L, Katusic ZS. Long-term vitamin C treatment increases vascular tetrahydrobiopterin levels and nitric oxide synthase activity. Circ Res. 2003 Jan 10;92(1):88-95. doi: 10.1161/01.res.0000049166.33035.62. PMID: 12522125. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12522125/
    67. Mortensen, Alan, and Jens Lykkesfeldt. “Does Vitamin c Enhance Nitric Oxide Bioavailability in a Tetrahydrobiopterin-Dependent Manner? In Vitro, in Vivo and Clinical Studies.” Nitric Oxide, vol. 36, Jan. 2014, pp. 51–57, 10.1016/j.niox.2013.12.001. Accessed 15 Apr. 2020. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1089860313003406
    68. National Institutes of Health. “Vitamin B6 – Fact Sheet For Health Professionals.” Office of Dietary Supplements; Accessed Sept. 2020. https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/VitaminB6-HealthProfessional/
    69. National Institutes of Health. “Vitamin B12 – Fact Sheet For Health Professionals.” Office of Dietary Supplements; 2020. https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/VitaminB12-HealthProfessional/

    Comments and Discussion (Powered by the PricePlow Forum)