Black Magic BZRK VOODOO: Fall Limited Edition Flavor in GRIM AETHER

Posted on October 10, 2022 by Mike Roberto and Nick Andrews | No Comments
The new Fall 2022 BZRK Voodoo flavor is out — Grim Aether — with some slight changes to the previous Mad Sour Melons release. This article is now updated with the changes.

We warned you that Black Magic Supply was hitting it hard in 2022… and now, here’s our proof: a Limited Edition BZRK VOODOO Pre-Workout!

Beyond BZRK: Limited Black Magic VOODOO Edition – 2022’s Grim Aether

The rumors are true – Black Magic Supply has released a second 2022 version of their hit BZRK pre workout — a repeat limited-edition product called BZRK Voodoo! This year’s first flavor was Mad Sour Melons, but the second of the year is Grim Aether, and the formula is wild.

Black Magic Supply BZRK Voodoo 2022 Grim Aether

Black Magic Supply is back for another 2022 version of their epic BZRK Voodoo, now available in Grim Aether flavor!

This one packs more energy and more citrulline, and does it in a fresh and unique way. Get ready, because a single scoop is strong:

  • 400 milligrams of total caffeine
  • Quadruple choline upregulation stack
  • NeuroFactor, tyrosine, and added PEA for brain booming focus
  • Added pumps with NitroRocket
  • Senolytic support from NuLiv Science’s Senactiv

And some of our readers may be excited about what’s not in here:

  • No beta alanine
  • No alpha yohimbine

That means no tingles and no cold sweats — but tons of energy still packed inside.

This is a unique one, and a great way to try Senactiv and NitroRocket with a heavy hit of caffeine to see how you fly through your workouts.

It’s all covered below, but get in on it soon because Black Magic Supply has a limited edition supply:

Black Magic BZRK Voodoo – Deals and Price Drop Alerts

Get Price Alerts

No spam, no scams.

Disclosure: PricePlow relies on pricing from stores with which we have a business relationship. We work hard to keep pricing current, but you may find a better offer.

Posts are sponsored in part by the retailers and/or brands listed on this page.

This area is reserved for Team PricePlow's upcoming Ingredients video.

Subscribe to our channel and sign up for notifications so you catch it when it goes live!

Subscribe to PricePlow on YouTube!

BZRK VOODOO Ingredients

In a single one-scoop serving of Voodoo from BZRK, you get the following:

  • Citrulline Malate – 10,000 mg

    Black Magic Supply BZRK Voodoo 2022 Grim Aether Ingredients

    Get ready for a wild ride… new users definitely will wish to start at half of a scoop!

    The non-essential amino acid citrulline is one of the best nitric oxide boosters known to supplement science,[1] and has replaced arginine in recent years owing to its superior bioavailability.[2] Unlike arginine, citrulline does not excessively break down before it’s absorbed into the intestinal wall[3] (something known as the “first pass effect”).

    Research studies on citrulline have shown that it has the following effects on human physiology:

    • Better uptake of oxygen and greater top-end athletic power[4]
    • Longer time to exhaustion (better endurance) – a 2010 study found that high-dose citrulline (like what we have here) increased the max number of bench press reps by a whopping 53%[5]
    • Up to 40% less muscle soreness after exercise[5]

    These effects are mediated by nitric oxide’s ability to cause vasodilation, which refers to the expansion of blood vessels. It ultimately means a higher volume of blood flow and more blood is delivered to the smaller peripheral blood vessels. As a result, oxygen and nutrients are delivered to muscle cells more efficiently, and lactic acid is removed more efficiently as well, both during and after exercise. Since lactic acid is one of the primary causes of muscle soreness and fatigue, it’s not surprising that citrulline supplementation can speed recovery.

    With citrulline malate being ~56% citrulline,[6] we can guess we’re getting roughly 5.5 grams of citrulline inside here – nearly double the clinically-validated dose!

    Arginine Biosynthesis System

    The Arginine Biosynthesis System. Image courtesy Wikimedia, with our red edits demonstrating the arginine citrulline cycle at the top-right

    Meanwhile, the malate portion (coming from malic acid) has some independent benefits of its own. It plays a central role in the Krebs cycle, the main source of energy for cells.[7] And some studies have shown that citrulline malate actually facilitates aerobic respiration, which makes more energy available to the body during intense exercise.[8] Theoretically, this is part of the reason why citrulline malate helps improve exercise performance.

    We see citrulline malate most commonly dosed between 6 and 8 grams. Not the case with Voodoo — this is going to be a powerful pump.

  • Choline Bitartrate – 1,000 mg

    Choline bitartrate is a form of choline that increases our levels of both choline and acetylcholine. Choline is an essential nutrient, meaning that the human body can’t synthesize choline endogenously. We must obtain choline from food or supplements.

    Black Magic Supply BZRK Voodoo Grim Aether 2022

    First in 2022 we had Mad Sour Melons, but now we have Grim Aether just in time for Halloween!

    The roles of choline in the body are many, but arguably, what’s most important is that it helps maintain the structure of cellular membranes throughout the entire body.[9]

    For most pre-workouts, though, we use the ingredient for focus. This is because choline is a precursor to acetylcholine,[10] which we often refer to as the “learning neurotransmitter” because it’s so crucial for memory consolidation, the process of encoding short-term memories into long-term memories. Acetylcholine promotes signal transmission between neurons, so having more acetylcholine generally gives better cognition and heightened mental energy.

    Choline is also required for optimal fat metabolism[11-14] and increases the body’s retention of carnitine,[15-17] another important nutrient.

    Choline deficiency is really bad – so given that acetylcholine supports cognition, you probably won’t be shocked to hear that being deficient in acetylcholine can cause serious cognitive problems.

    But a choline deficiency can also precipitate muscle catabolism and even organ damage – including non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which is associated with the metabolic syndrome that’s observed in advanced type 2 diabetes cases.[18]

    There’s definitely less concern for a deficiency with this bitartrate dose (double the usual 500 milligrams we see), and we have another ingredient in DMAE that will synergize with it as well!

  • L-Tyrosine – 1,000 mg

    L-Tyrosine helps support thyroid function[19,20] by increasing the production of the thyroid hormones triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4).[20] A good tyrosine supplement will help prevent the slowed thyroid function that’s typically observed during periods of intense physical stress, like while completing a demanding training program or cutting calories to lose weight.[21,22]

    However, as with choline, it’s not in BZRK Voodoo for its diet applications – it’s here for focus. That’s because tyrosine is also a precursor for dopamine,[23] as well as epinephrine and norepinephrine.[24,25] All three of these neurotransmitters will increase your mental and physical energy when upregulated.

    Tyrosine Derivatives

    It’s easy to see why we like tyrosine so much – its derivatives bring the intensity and focus! Image courtesy Wikimedia

    Epinephrine and norepinephrine also help with appetite suppression and fat burning,[26] which can support training when on a cut (diet).

    As shown in some studies on the US Military, tyrosine supplementation has been shown to particularly benefit people who are acutely sleep deprived, especially when compared with caffeine.[27,28] Those looking for some Voodoo may have this issue, although we’ll always emphasize proper sleep habits whenever possible.

  • Dimethylaminoethanol (DMAE bitartrate) – 750 mg

    Black Magic Supply BZRK Voodoo 2022 v2

    BZRK Voodoo is back – twice in one year for 2022!

    Dimethylaminoethanol, also known as DMAE, is a close cousin of choline. Although it doesn’t raise acetylcholine levels directly, some evidence suggests that DMAE may raise free choline levels – thus making it more available for the production of acetylcholine – and stimulate cholinergic receptors.[29]

    This is a higher-than-usual dose (as with many of the other ingredients in BZRK Voodoo), and should synergize very well with the choline bitartrate also in the formula. DMAE “spares” choline by preventing it from being metabolized in peripheral tissues, meaning that more of your total choline supply is circulated to the central nervous system.[30]

    In at least one human study, DMAE has been shown to stabilize mood in people with borderline emotional disorders.[31] In this study, researchers measured the electrical activity in subjects’ brains by way of an EEG machine and observed that subjects who took DMAE had more optimal brain wave patterns after ingestion.[31]

    For a company like Black Magic Supply that talks about Brain Waves, this ingredient — especially at this dose — is a near perfect fit.

  • NitroRocket (arugula extract) – 500 mg

    NitroRocket is a patented arugula extract with an estimated 10% nitrate content by weight, which is a much higher concentration than what you’d find in whole beets, celery, and spinach. Although it might not sound impressive on the face of it, 10% nitrates is actually a very impressive standardization, since whole arugula only has about 0.43% nitrate by weight.[32] So obviously, if you’re only after the nitrates in these foods in a pre-workout setting, this extract is a much better bet than eating the source foods to get that nitrate pump.

    Black Magic Supply Ecto Plasm

    Need more pumps? Black Magic Supply Ecto Plasm brings em big and Purple Rain is an exquisite flavor!

    Nitrates are great to take as a pre-workout because of their ability to increase nitric oxide,[33-35] much like citrulline above and with all the same benefits.

    Just to recap, some of the benefits of differing forms of nitrates — in varying doses (admittedly often higher than what we’ll get here from NitroRocket) — are:

    • Improved circulation[36]
    • Greater aerobic efficiency[36-39]
    • Increased strength[34,40]
    • Increased physical endurance[38,39]
    • Faster recovery
    • Higher cellular energy levels[35,40,41]

    NitroRocket may not have any clinical data behind it, but we can lean towards some of the above effects and expect to get pushed in the right direction, although we can’t make specific claims on this ingredient until more research is out.

    Overall, this is an impressive naturally-sourced ingredient that the original BZRK doesn’t have, and we’ll take it any day of the week.

  • Catuaba Bark Extract (30% Polyphenols) – 500mg

    A repeat ingredient from the previous Mad Sour Melons version of BZRK Voodoo that was formerly in the Possessed Matrix, catuaba bark extract is a potent inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase,[42] the enzyme that breaks down acetylcholine. This will extend the action of acetylcholine, helping focus alongside choline. It also has documented anti-fatigue effects.[42]

    So why do we want more acetylcholine? The answer is that by facilitating inter-neuronal communication,[43] acetylcholine can improve pretty much every aspect of cognition – including not just mental processes, but physical.

    For example, while acetylcholine upregulation can significantly improve learning and memory,[44,45] it can also improve motor skills like balance and coordination.[46,47]

    Acetylcholine is particularly good for accelerating long-term potentiation, the neurological process that’s responsible for memory consolidation.[43]

  • Possessed Matrix – 1,360 mg

    This is a nice and powerful little blend that’s formulated to provide some supplementary stimulation to the main stimulants in this pre-workout stack. Briefly:

    • PEA HCl Molecule

      PEA stimulates a strong, but brief release of catecholamines, that will vastly boost your mood and may help lipolysis.

      Beta phenylethylamine (PEA): widely recognized as one of the greatest workout stimulants ever. Taking PEA will flood your brain with catecholamines, such as dopamine, adrenaline, and noradrenaline, thus making you feel energized and motivated — even euphoric.[48]

    • Caffeine anhydrous, dicaffeine malate, and caffeine citrate: caffeine really needs no introduction. By blocking the brain’s receptors for adenosine and phosphodiesterase, caffeine increases neural activity and decreases feelings of fatigue.[49] Caffeine also increases your body’s rate of fat burning, making more energy available for a workout.[50-52]

      This blend brings three different forms of caffeine – straight caffeine anhydrous, slower-metabolizing caffeine malate, and faster caffeine citrate!

      Black Magic Supply BZRK Voodoo 2022 Grim Aether

      Note that we have 400 milligrams of total caffeine per serving. It’s quite a large amount, so use with caution and start with half a scoop to assess the overall stimulant load in BZRK Voodoo!

    • Inositol hexanicotinate: Inositol is a simple carbohydrate that’s great at supporting neurotransmitter activity in your brain. It can also help maintain the phospholipid bilayer cellular membranes that enclose the contents of all your body’s cells.[53,54] There is such a thing as inositol deficiency, and it leads to cognitive dysfunction,[55] so that’s a good argument for inositol supplementation. But taking more inositol than your brain really needs can upregulate the production of dopamine and serotonin above baseline,[54] which helps optimize cognitive efficiency.

      However, another reason we see this is because this is a source of niacin — inositol hexanicotinate is the niacin source we see in flush-free niacin supplements. Niacin contributes to NAD+ production, which is beneficial for cellular health and can support ATP production. ATP is short for adenosine triphosphate and is the energy currency of our cells.

    • Senactiv (Rosa roxburghii, Panax notoginseng): developed by NuLiv Science, Senactiv is one of the most innovative designer supplements on the market today. As a senolytic agent, Senactiv can help your body break down old, dead, or dying cells – senescent cells – which frees up both resources and space for their place to be taken by new, healthy cells. The bioactive constituents of Senactiv are sourced from two plants with a pretty long history of use in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), among other traditional medicine systems.

      Senactiv Perceived Exertion

      Significantly lower perceived exertion with Senactiv’s ginseng![61]

      These constituents ave also been studied extensively by modern science. Just the purified extracts used in Senactiv have been the subject of at least four human trials and two in vivo animal studies.[56-61] One of these studies found that the ginseng-derived component of Senactiv was able to prevent muscle damage, accelerate glycogen replenishment, and reduce inflammation in those who took it after an intense workout.[56]

    • Theacrine: a purine alkaloid similar in structure and function to caffeine,[70] with similar effects. Theacrine can give you more energy, both mental and physical,[71] partly by blocking the action of adenosine (like caffeine does).[72] Theacrine is also dopaminergic, and helps upregulate the function of dopamine receptors.[70] All of this can help improve motivation and focus during your workout.
    • Huperzine A: another acetylcholinesterase inhibitor,[62] huperzine A independently improves memory and cognition,[63] so if you’re stacking it with a bunch of stuff that increases acetylcholine production and function, as we are here, you can expect an even bigger effect than usual from huperzine. Huperzine A also protects the mitochondria in your neurons from oxidative stress.[64]
      Acetylcholinesterase

      Acetylcholinesterase breaks down our acetylcholine. Huperzine A helps slow this process down.

      This will further help in synergy with the choline bitartrate, adding to the cholinergenic experience alongside DMAE.

  • B Vitamins (B1, B2, B6) – megadoses

    Most readers are probably already aware that the B vitamins are crucial for optimal glucose metabolism and cognitive function, giving B vitamin megadoses an energizing effect. It’s no surprise, then, to see them in this pre-workout formula, especially since VOODOO contains a large dose of caffeine. And some studies have found that caffeine intake is inversely correlated with blood levels of B vitamins.[65]

    Black Magic Supply BZRK Voodoo 2022 Grim Aether Label

    Any given B vitamin does a ton of stuff in the human body, but here’s a brief run-down on the roles most relevant to a pre-workout:

    • Thiamine (vitamin B1) is an important cofactor for various enzymatic processes that are involved in cellular energy production.[66]
    • Riboflavin (vitamin B2) is a precursor to a number of proteins involved in several important metabolic processes, including electron transport and the metabolism of lipids.[67] Riboflavin’s key role in the electron transport chain, which is responsible for producing ATP,[67] the basic unit of cellular energy, is probably why it’s included here.
    • Vitamin B6 helps to regulate homocysteine levels in the blood.[68] Since caffeine intake can raise homocysteine levels,[69] it’s definitely a good idea to take some extra vitamin B6 if you’re consuming large doses of caffeine.

Flavors available

Black Magic Supply BZRK Orange Cooler

Want to tone it back down to the standard BZRK? Just in time for the HOT Summer of 2022, Black Magic launched a new Orange Cooler flavor of BZRK

For the 2022 releases of BZRK Voodoo, it was first all about Mad Sour Melons, and now it’s time for Grim Aether! But just in case something else comes out, we’ll have a full list below:

    And don’t forget to stack it with the new Candy Bliss flavor of Keyz intra workout aminos, which we also recently covered.

    Conclusion: BZRK Joins the Voodoo Realm

    Black Magic Supply BZRK Voodoo

    A look at the previous release, from March of 2022 – BZRK Voodoo Mad Sour Melons (now out of stock)

    As Black Magic Supply definitely planned, VOODOO from BZRK is no joke. Packed with highly efficacious ingredients in truly monstrous doses, there is absolutely no way that the consumer won’t feel big effects from taking this supplement.

    It’s easy to overlook, though, since caffeine is included in a blend on the ingredients label, but the dose is specified on the product label, and at 400 milligrams of caffeine per dose, you’ll want to be careful when scooping this one. If you don’t know your caffeine tolerance, start with half —or even a quarter— of the suggested amount and work your way up to a full dose.

    So are you ready to generate some VOODOO?

    Black Magic BZRK Voodoo – Deals and Price Drop Alerts

    Get Price Alerts

    No spam, no scams.

    Disclosure: PricePlow relies on pricing from stores with which we have a business relationship. We work hard to keep pricing current, but you may find a better offer.

    Posts are sponsored in part by the retailers and/or brands listed on this page.

    Note: This article was originally published on March 31, 2022 with the Mad Sour Melons flavor, but was updated on October 10, 2022 with the Grim Aether flavor.

    About the Author: Mike Roberto

    Mike Roberto

    Mike Roberto is a research scientist and water sports athlete who founded PricePlow. He is an n=1 diet experimenter with extensive experience in supplementation and dietary modification, whose personal expertise stems from several experiments done on himself while sharing lab tests.

    Mike's goal is to bridge the gap between nutritional research scientists and non-academics who seek to better their health in a system that has catastrophically failed the public.

    No Comments | Posted in | Tagged , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , .

    References

    1. Morita, Masahiko, et al; “Oral Supplementation with a Combination of L-Citrulline and L-Arginine Rapidly Increases Plasma L-Arginine Concentration and Enhances NO Bioavailability.”; Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications; U.S. National Library of Medicine; 7 Nov. 2014; https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25445598
    2. Ochiai, Masayuki, et al; “Short-Term Effects of L-Citrulline Supplementation on Arterial Stiffness in Middle-Aged Men.”; International Journal of Cardiology; U.S. National Library of Medicine; 8 Mar. 2012; https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21067832
    3. Agarwal, Umang et al; “Supplemental Citrulline Is More Efficient Than Arginine in Increasing Systemic Arginine Availability in Mice.”; The Journal of nutrition; vol. 147,4; 2017; 596-602; https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5368575/
    4. Bailey, Stephen J, et al; “l-Citrulline Supplementation Improves O2 Uptake Kinetics and High-Intensity Exercise Performance in Humans.”; Journal of Applied Physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985); U.S. National Library of Medicine; 15 Aug. 2015; https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26023227
    5. Pérez-Guisado, Joaquín, and Philip M Jakeman; “Citrulline Malate Enhances Athletic Anaerobic Performance and Relieves Muscle Soreness.”; Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research; U.S. National Library of Medicine; May 2010; https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20386132
    6. “Citrulline Malate”; Pubchem; https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Citrulline-malate
    7. “Malic Acid: Uses, Side Effects, Interactions, Dosage, and Warning.” WebMD; https://www.webmd.com/vitamins/ai/ingredientmono-1495/malic-acid
    8. Bendahan, D. “Citrulline/Malate Promotes Aerobic Energy Production in Human Exercising Muscle.” British Journal of Sports Medicine, vol. 36, no. 4, 1 Aug. 2002, pp. 282–289, 10.1136/bjsm.36.4.282; https://bjsm.bmj.com/content/36/4/282
    9. Sanders LM, Zeisel SH; “Choline: Dietary Requirements and Role in Brain Development;” Nutrition today; 2007;42(4):181-186; https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2518394/
    10. Purves D, Augustine GJ, Fitzpatrick D, et al.; “Neuroscience;” 2nd edition. Sunderland (MA): Sinauer Associates; 2001. Acetylcholine; https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK11143/
    11. Zeisel, Steven H. “Choline: Critical Role during Fetal Development and Dietary Requirements in Adults.” Annual Review of Nutrition, vol. 26, 2006, pp. 229–250, 10.1146/annurev.nutr.26.061505.111156; https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2441939/
    12. Kuksis, A., and S. Mookerjea. “Choline.” Nutrition Reviews, vol. 36, no. 7, 27 Apr. 2009, pp. 201–207, 10.1111/j.1753-4887.1978.tb07359.x; https://academic.oup.com/nutritionreviews/article-abstract/36/7/201/1831331
    13. Zeisel, S H, and J K Blusztajn. “Choline and Human Nutrition.” Annual Review of Nutrition, vol. 14, no. 1, July 1994, pp. 269–296, 10.1146/annurev.nu.14.070194.001413; https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7946521/
    14. da Costa, Kerry-Ann, et al. “Effects of Prolonged (1 Year) Choline Deficiency and Subsequent Re-Feeding of Choline on 1,2-Sn-Diradylglycerol, Fatty Acids and Protein Kinase c in Rat Liver.” Carcinogenesis, vol. 16, no. 2, 1995, pp. 327–334, 10.1093/carcin/16.2.327; https://academic.oup.com/carcin/article-abstract/16/2/327/348681
    15. Dodson WL, Sachan DS. Choline supplementation reduces urinary carnitine excretion in humans. Am J Clin Nutr. 1996;63(6):904-910. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8644685
    16. Hongu N, Sachan DS. Carnitine and choline supplementation with exercise alter carnitine profiles, biochemical markers of fat metabolism and serum leptin concentration in healthy women. J Nutr. 2003;133(1):84-89. http://jn.nutrition.org/content/133/1/84.long
    17. Daily JW 3rd, Sachan DS. Choline supplementation alters carnitine homeostasis in humans and guinea pigs. J Nutr. 1995;125(7):1938-1944. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7616311
    18. Elsawy G, Abdelrahman O, Hamza A. Effect of Choline Supplementation on Rapid Weight Loss and Biochemical Variables Among Female Taekwondo and Judo Athletes. Journal of Human Kinetics. 2014;40:77-82. doi:10.2478/hukin-2014-0009. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4096089/
    19. Mullur, Rashmi et al. “Thyroid hormone regulation of metabolism.” Physiological reviews vol. 94,2 (2014): 355-82. doi:10.1152/physrev.00030.2013; https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4044302/
    20. Rousset, Bernard. “Chapter 2 Thyroid Hormone Synthesis And Secretion.” Endotext. U.S. National Library of Medicine, 2 Sept. 2015; https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK285550/
    21. Rousset, Bernard, et al. “Chapter 2 Thyroid Hormone Synthesis and Secretion.” Nih.gov, MDText.com, Inc., 2 Sept. 2015. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK285550/
    22. Mullur, Rashmi, et al. “Thyroid Hormone Regulation of Metabolism.” Physiological Reviews, vol. 94, no. 2, Apr. 2014, pp. 355–382, 10.1152/physrev.00030.2013. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4044302/
    23. Mishra, Akanksha, et al. “Physiological and Functional Basis of Dopamine Receptors and Their Role in Neurogenesis: Possible Implication for Parkinson’s Disease.” Journal of Experimental Neuroscience, vol. 12, Jan. 2018, p. 117906951877982, 10.1177/1179069518779829. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5985548/
    24. Rajeev Dalal, and Dejan Grujic. “Epinephrine.” Nih.gov, StatPearls Publishing, 2 Apr. 2019. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK482160/
    25. Smith, Matthew D, and Christopher V Maani. “Norepinephrine.” Nih.gov, StatPearls Publishing, 23 July 2019. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK537259/
    26. Ans, Armghan H, et al. “Neurohormonal Regulation of Appetite and Its Relationship with Stress: A Mini Literature Review.” Cureus, 23 July 2018, 10.7759/cureus.3032. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6150743/
    27. Attipoe, Selasi, et al. “Tyrosine for Mitigating Stress and Enhancing Performance in Healthy Adult Humans, a Rapid Evidence Assessment of the Literature.” Military Medicine, vol. 180, no. 7, July 2015, pp. 754–765, 10.7205/milmed-d-14-00594; https://academic.oup.com/milmed/article/180/7/754/4160625
    28. Pomeroy, Diane E., et al. “A Systematic Review of the Effect of Dietary Supplements on Cognitive Performance in Healthy Young Adults and Military Personnel.” Nutrients, vol. 12, no. 2, 20 Feb. 2020, p. 545, 10.3390/nu12020545; https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7071459/
    29. Millington, W R et al. “Deanol acetamidobenzoate inhibits the blood-brain barrier transport of choline.” Annals of neurology vol. 4,4 (1978): 302-6. doi:10.1002/ana.410040403. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/727735/
    30. Haubrich DR, Gerber NH, Pflueger AB. Deanol affects choline metabolism in peripheral tissues of mice. J Neurochem. 1981 Aug;37(2):476-82. doi: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.1981.tb00480.x; https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7264671/
    31. Dimpfel W, Wedekind W, Keplinger I. Efficacy of dimethylaminoethanol (DMAE) containing vitamin-mineral drug combination on EEG patterns in the presence of different emotional states. Eur J Med Res. 2003 May 30;8(5):183-91; https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12844472/
    32. Bosnir, Danijel Brkic Jasna, et al. “Nitrate in Leafy Green Vegetables and Estimated Intake.” African Journal of Traditional, Complementary and Alternative Medicines, vol. 14, no. 3, 1 Mar. 2017, pp. 31–41, 10.21010/ajtcam.v14i3.4; https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/labs/pmc/articles/PMC5412236/
    33. Lidder, Satnam, and Andrew J. Webb. “Vascular Effects of Dietary Nitrate (as Found in Green Leafy Vegetables and Beetroot) via the Nitrate-Nitrite-Nitric Oxide Pathway.” British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, vol. 75, no. 3, 5 Feb. 2013, pp. 677–696, 10.1111/j.1365-2125.2012.04420.x; https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/labs/pmc/articles/PMC3575935/
    34. Fulford, J; “Influence of dietary nitrate supplementation on human skeletal muscle metabolism and force production during maximum voluntary contractions”; NIHR Exeter Clinical Research Facility, University of Exeter Medical School; 2013; https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23354414/
    35. Lundberg, J; “The nitrate-nitrite-nitric oxide pathway in physiology and therapeutics”; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institute; 2008; https://www.nature.com/articles/nrd2466
    36. Larsen, F; “Effects of dietary nitrate on oxygen cost during exercise”; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet; 2007; https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17635415/
    37. Lansley, K; “Dietary nitrate supplementation reduces the O2 cost of walking and running: a placebo-controlled study”; School of Sport and Health Sciences, Univ. of Exeter; 2011; https://journals.physiology.org/doi/full/10.1152/japplphysiol.01070.2010
    38. Bailey, S; “Dietary nitrate supplementation reduces the O2 cost of low-intensity exercise and enhances tolerance to high-intensity exercise in humans”; School of Sport and Health Sciences, Univ. of Exeter; 2009; https://journals.physiology.org/doi/full/10.1152/japplphysiol.00722.2009
    39. Bescos, R; “Acute administration of inorganic nitrate reduces VO(2peak) in endurance athletes”; National Institute of Physical Education-Barcelona, University of Barcelona; 2011; https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21407132/
    40. Bailey, S; “Dietary nitrate supplementation enhances muscle contractile efficiency during knee-extensor exercise in humans”; School of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Exeter; 2010; https://journals.physiology.org/doi/full/10.1152/japplphysiol.00046.2010
    41. Larsen, F; “Dietary inorganic nitrate improves mitochondrial efficiency in humans”; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet; 2011; https://www.cell.com/cell-metabolism/fulltext/S1550-4131(11)00005-2
    42. Martins NO, de Brito IM, Araújo SSO, Negri G, Carlini EA, Mendes FR. Antioxidant, anticholinesterase and antifatigue effects of Trichilia catigua (catuaba). BMC Complement Altern Med. 2018 Jun 5;18(1):172. doi: 10.1186/s12906-018-2222-9; https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29866157/
    43. Purves D, Augustine GJ, Fitzpatrick D, et al.; “Neuroscience;” 2nd edition. Sunderland (MA): Sinauer Associates; 2001. Acetylcholine. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK11143/
    44. Hasselmo ME; “The role of acetylcholine in learning and memory;”Curr Opin Neurobiol. 2006;16(6):710–715; https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2659740/
    45. Jones BE; “From waking to sleeping: neuronal and chemical substrates”. Trends Pharmacol. Sci.; 2005; 26 (11): 578–86; https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16183137
    46. Hasselmo ME; “The role of acetylcholine in learning and memory;” Curr Opin Neurobiol. 2006;16(6):710–715; https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2659740/
    47. Jones BE; “From waking to sleeping: neuronal and chemical substrates”. Trends Pharmacol. Sci.; 2005; 26 (11): 578–86; https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16183137
    48. Mesfioui A, Math F, Jmari K, El Hessni A, Choulli MK, Davrainville JL. Effects of amphetamine and phenylethylamine on catecholamine release in the glomerular layer of the rat olfactory bulb. Biol Signals Recept. 1998 Jul-Aug;7(4):235-43. doi: 10.1159/000014548. PMID: 9730583; https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9730583/
    49. Goldstein, E.R., Ziegenfuss, T., Kalman, D. et al.; “International society of sports nutrition position stand: caffeine and performance”; J Int Soc Sports Nutr 7, 5 (2010); https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/1550-2783-7-5
    50. Norager, C. B., et al. “Metabolic Effects of Caffeine Ingestion and Physical Work in 75-Year Old Citizens. A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Cross-over Study.” Clinical Endocrinology, vol. 65, no. 2, Aug. 2006, pp. 223–228, 10.1111/j.1365-2265.2006.02579.x; https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16886964/
    51. Astrup, A, et al. “Caffeine: A Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study of Its Thermogenic, Metabolic, and Cardiovascular Effects in Healthy Volunteers.” The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, vol. 51, no. 5, 1 May 1990, pp. 759–767, 10.1093/ajcn/51.5.759; https://academic.oup.com/ajcn/article/51/5/759/4695347
    52. Keijzers, Gerben B., et al. “Caffeine Can Decrease Insulin Sensitivity in Humans.” Diabetes Care, vol. 25, no. 2, 1 Feb. 2002, pp. 364–369; https://care.diabetesjournals.org/content/25/2/364.long
    53. Michell, R H; “Inositol Phospholipids and Cell Surface Receptor Function.”; Biochimica Et Biophysica Acta; U.S. National Library of Medicine; 25 Mar. 1975; https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/164246
    54. Levine, J; “Controlled Trials of Inositol in Psychiatry.”; European Neuropsychopharmacology : the Journal of the European College of Neuropsychopharmacology; U.S. National Library of Medicine; May 1997; https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9169302
    55. Barkai, A I, et al; “Reduced Myo-Inositol Levels in Cerebrospinal Fluid from Patients with Affective Disorder.”; Biological Psychiatry; U.S. National Library of Medicine; Feb. 1978; https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/623854
    56. Hou, C.-W., Lee, S.-D., et. al. Plos One. “Improved Inflammatory Balance of Human Skeletal Muscle during Exercise after Supplementations of the Ginseng-Based Steroid Rg1.” Jan. 2015.10(1); https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0116387
    57. Wu, Jinfu, et al. “Ginsenoside Rg1 Supplementation Clears Senescence-Associated β-Galactosidase in Exercising Human Skeletal Muscle.” Journal of Ginseng Research, vol. 43, no. 4, 1 Oct. 2019, pp. 580–588, 10.1016/j.jgr.2018.06.002. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1226845318301131
    58. Lee, Bo Yun, et al. “Senescence-Associated β-Galactosidase Is Lysosomal β-Galactosidase.” Aging Cell, vol. 5, no. 2, Apr. 2006, pp. 187–195, 10.1111/j.1474-9726.2006.00199.x. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/j.1474-9726.2006.00199.x
    59. Wu, Jinfu, et al. “Aerobic Exercise Induces Tumor Suppressor P16INK4a Expression of Endothelial Progenitor Cells in Human Skeletal Muscle.” Aging, vol. 12, no. 20, 26 Oct. 2020, pp. 20226–20234, 10.18632/aging.103763; https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7655215/
    60. Wu, Jinfu, et al. “Satellite Cells Depletion in Exercising Human Skeletal Muscle Is Restored by Ginseng Component Rg1 Supplementation.” Journal of Functional Foods, vol. 58, 1 July 2019, pp. 27–33, 10.1016/j.jff.2019.04.032; https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1756464619302208
    61. Lee, Tania Xu Yar et al. “Reduced stem cell aging in exercised human skeletal muscle is enhanced by ginsenoside Rg1.” Aging vol. 13,12 (2021): 16567-16576. doi:10.18632/aging.203176; https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8266347/
    62. Tang, X. C., et al. “Effect of Huperzine A, a New Cholinesterase Inhibitor, on the Central Cholinergic System of the Rat.” Journal of Neuroscience Research, vol. 24, no. 2, 1 Oct. 1989, pp. 276–285, 10.1002/jnr.490240220. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2585551/
    63. Damar, U., et al. “Huperzine a as a Neuroprotective and Antiepileptic Drug: A Review of Preclinical Research.” Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics, vol. 16, no. 6, 1 June 2016, pp. 671–680, pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27086593/, 10.1080/14737175.2016.1175303. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27086593/
    64. [vi] Gao X., Tang X.C. “Huperzine A attenuates mitochondrial dysfunction in beta-amyloid-treated PC12 cells by reducing oxygen free radicals accumulation and improving mitochondrial energy metabolism.”Journal of Neuroscience Research. 2006 May 1;83(6):1048-57; https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16493671/
    65. Ulvik A, Vollset SE, Hoff G, Ueland PM. Coffee consumption and circulating B-vitamins in healthy middle-aged men and women. Clin Chem. 2008 Sep;54(9):1489-96. doi: 10.1373/clinchem.2008.103465; https://academic.oup.com/clinchem/article/54/9/1489/5628649
    66. Whitfield, KC et al. “Thiamine deficiency disorders: diagnosis, prevalence, and a roadmap for global control programs.”; Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences vol. 1430,1 (2018): 3-43. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6392124/
    67. Pinto, JT, and Zempleni, J. “Riboflavin.” Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) vol. 7,5 973-5.15 Sep. 2016. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5015041/
    68. National Institutes of Health. “Vitamin B6 – Fact Sheet For Health Professionals.” Office of Dietary Supplements; https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/VitaminB6-HealthProfessional/
    69. Verhoef P, Pasman WJ, Van Vliet T, Urgert R, Katan MB. Contribution of caffeine to the homocysteine-raising effect of coffee: a randomized controlled trial in humans. Am J Clin Nutr. 2002 Dec;76(6):1244-8. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/76.6.1244; https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12450889/
    70. Feduccia, Allison A., et al. “Locomotor Activation by Theacrine, a Purine Alkaloid Structurally Similar to Caffeine: Involvement of Adenosine and Dopamine Receptors.” Pharmacology, Biochemistry, and Behavior, vol. 102, no. 2, 1 Aug. 2012, pp. 241–248, 10.1016/j.pbb.2012.04.014; https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22579816/
    71. Bello, M.L., Walker, A.J., McFadden, B.A. et al. “The effects of TeaCrine® and caffeine on endurance and cognitive performance during a simulated match in high-level soccer players”;J Int Soc Sports Nutr 16, 20 (2019); https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/labs/pmc/articles/PMC6472067/
    72. Qiao, Haoyi, et al. “Theacrine: A Purine Alkaloid from Camellia Assamica Var. Kucha with a Hypnotic Property via the Adenosine System.” Neuroscience Letters, vol. 659, 17 Oct. 2017, pp. 48–53, 10.1016/j.neulet.2017.08.063; https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28864241/

    Comments and Discussion (Powered by the PricePlow Forum)